2006-1-24 10:39 fanyijia
翻译规律

<P align=center><B><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直译与意译的区别</FONT><FONT></FONT></B></P>
<P align=center><FONT> </FONT></P>
<P ><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直译与意译是翻译中最常见的问题,也是最主要的两种翻译方法。所谓直译,就是既保持原文内容、又保持原文形式的翻译方法。译文的语言(或始发语)与原文的语言(或目的语)常常拥有相同的表达形式来体现同样的内容,并能产生同样的效果。在这种情况下,我们就采用直译。所谓意译,就是只保持原文内容、不保持原文形式的翻译方法。译文的语言(或始发语)与原文的语言(或目的语)在许多情况下并不拥有同样的表达形式来体现同样的内容,更谈不上产生同样的效果。在这种情况下,一般采用意译为好。</FONT></P>
<P ><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直译与意译的对象可以是包括成语在内的单词,也可以是句子。下面我们就来分析直译与意译在单词、成语和句子翻译中的运用。</FONT></P>
<P ><B><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一、词语</FONT><FONT></FONT></B></P>
<P ><FONT>1</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>the moon</FONT></P>
<P ><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直译:月亮。</FONT></P>
<P ><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意译:玉兔(~东升);金兔;白兔;蟾宫(~折桂);月桂(一轮~);蝉娟(但愿人长久,千里共~〈宋·苏轼词〉);水镜;阴宗;夜光;素璧。</FONT></P>
<P ><FONT>2</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.月亮</FONT></P>
<P ><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直译:</FONT><FONT>the moon</FONT></P>
<P ><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意译:</FONT><FONT>celestial body</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>heavenly body</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>planet</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>secondary planet</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>planetoid</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>orb of night</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>moon goodess</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>green cheese</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>sailor's friend</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>Di-ana</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>Luna</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>Phoebe</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>Cynthia</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>Cynthia</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>queen of heaven</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>queen of night</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</FONT><FONT>Shakespear</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">);</FONT><FONT>queen and huntress</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>chaste and fair</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</FONT><FONT>B</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>Johnson</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">).</FONT></P>
<P ><FONT>3</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>the sun</FONT></P>
<P ><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直译:太阳</FONT></P>
<P ><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意译:火轮(~飞出客心惊〈唐·韩愈诗〉);金乌(~西坠);金轮、红轮;红镜(炎炎~东方升〈唐·李贺诗〉);赤玉盘,玉弹(一丸~东飞来〈宋·杨万里诗〉);阳乌。</FONT></P>
<P ><FONT>4</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.太阳</FONT></P>
<P ><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直译:</FONT><FONT>the sun</FONT></P>
<P ><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意译:</FONT><FONT>star of day</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>day-star</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>solar disk</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>solar orb</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>orb</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>sphere</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>fireball</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>ball of fire</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>eye of heaven luminary</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>great luminary</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>light of the day</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>lamp of the day</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>source of light</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>heaven's bright light</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>giver of light</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>oldsol</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>Helios</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>Apollo</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>Hyperion</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>Mithras</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>Shamash</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>the god of life andpoesy and light</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</FONT><FONT>Byron</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">).</FONT></P>

2006-1-24 10:39 fanyijia
<P 2em"><FONT>5</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>thin</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直译:瘦</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意译:清癯〔</FONT><FONT>q</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">ú〕(面容~);清减;干瘪(~老头);形销骨立;皮包骨头;一把骨头;骨头架子。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>6</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.瘦</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直译:</FONT><FONT>thin</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>lanky</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>lean</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意译:</FONT><FONT>slim</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>skinny</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>scraggy</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>lank</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>spare</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>gaunt</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>bony</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>wan</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>rangy</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>skeletal</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>scrawny</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>delicate</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>wasted</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>haggard</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>emaciated</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>rawboned</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>shriveled</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>wizened</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>rickety</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>spindling</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>pinched</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>starved</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>starved-looking</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>fleshless</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>twiggy</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(像细枝的);</FONT><FONT>weedy</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>as thin as a reed</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(芦杆);</FONT><FONT>as thin as a lath</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(板条);</FONT><FONT>as thin as six o'clock</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>as slender as athread</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>too thin to throw a shadow</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>be a bag of bones</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>skin-and-bones</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>looking like a plucked chicken</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>undersized</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>unweight</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>undernour-ishd</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>undergrown</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>underfed</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>7</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>fat</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直译:胖</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意译:富态(胎)(长得~);肥实;肥乎乎;胖墩墩;面团团;团头团脑;心宽体胖〔</FONT><FONT>p</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">à</FONT><FONT>ng</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">〕;丰满,丰盈;丰腴〔</FONT><FONT>y</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">ú〕;充盈;肉头(小手~得很);臃肿;痴肥;虚胖;大腹便〔</FONT><FONT>pi</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">á</FONT><FONT>n</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">〕便;脑满肠肥。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>8</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.胖</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直译:</FONT><FONT>fat</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意译:</FONT><FONT>portly</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(肥胖的;魁梧的〈常指年长者〉);</FONT><FONT>stout</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(矮胖的,强壮的);</FONT><FONT>obese</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(过度胖,肥大的);</FONT><FONT>corpulent</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>fleshy</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>potbellied</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>beefy</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>brawny</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>abdominous</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>solid</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>plumpish</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>plump</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(丰满的);</FONT><FONT>rotund</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(圆形的,圆状的);</FONT><FONT>burly</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>unwieldy</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>heavy</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>husky</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>puffy</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>weighty</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>pursy</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>porcine</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>swollen</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>tumid</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>hypertrophied</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>inflated</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>ponderous</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>lumpish</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>dilated</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>distended</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>bubby</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(桶状的,肥圆的;矮胖的);</FONT><FONT>chubby</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>podgy</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(矮胖的);(</FONT><FONT>podge</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">:矮胖的人);</FONT><FONT>round</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>paunchy</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(大腹便便的);(</FONT><FONT>paunch</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">:肚子,大肚子);</FONT><FONT>corporational</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(大肚子的);</FONT><FONT>wellfed</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>round-bellied</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>beer-bellied</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>as fat as a pig</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>on the heavy</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>on the plump</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>in need of dieting</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>in need of reducing</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>

2006-1-24 10:40 fanyijia
<P 2em"><B><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">二、成语</FONT><FONT></FONT></B></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>1</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>to kill two birds with one stone</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直译:一石二鸟</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意译:一箭双雕;一举两得;一并两用。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>2</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>to flog a dead horse</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直译:鞭打死马</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意译:白费力;徒劳;白搭;枉然;徒然;事后再作无益的议论。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>3</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>a drop in the bucket</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直译:一桶水中的一滴</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意译:沧海一粟;太仓一粟;九牛一毛;微不足道;微乎其微;不足挂齿;不值一提;不起眼;渺小。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>4</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>to teach a pig to play on a flute</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直译:教猪吹笛</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意译:对牛弹琴;做荒谬的事情;做不可能做到的事情。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>5</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.过街老鼠</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直译:(</FONT><FONT>like</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</FONT><FONT>a rat crossing the street</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意译:</FONT><FONT>the object of universal condemnation</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>a bad man hated by every-body</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>6</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.门庭若市</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直译“</FONT><FONT>The courtyard is like a market</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意译:</FONT><FONT>a much visited house</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>a busy town</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>bustling</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>crowded</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>7</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.望梅止渴</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直译:</FONT><FONT>to gaze at plums to quench one's thirst</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意译:</FONT><FONT>to console oneself with false hopes</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>to feed on fancies</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</FONT><FONT>illusion</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">);</FONT><FONT>imagined satisfaction</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>a Barmecide</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(《一千零一夜》中一个口惠而实不至的人物)</FONT><FONT>feast</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>8</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.危如累卵</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直译:</FONT><FONT>as dangerous as a pile of eggs</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意译:</FONT><FONT>hazardous in the extreme</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>great insecurity</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>in a precarious[critical]condition</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>at stake[risk/hazard]</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>in peril[jeopardy/danger]</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>dangerous</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>perilous</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>critical</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>hazardous</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>precarious</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>insecure</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>jeopar-dous</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>risky</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>unsafe</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>touchy</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>

2006-1-24 10:40 fanyijia
<P 2em"><B><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三、谚语</FONT><FONT></FONT></B></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>1</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>A nod is as good as a wink to a blind horse</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直译:点头也好,眨眼也好,示意盲马,同样无效。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意译:犟汉难劝,狂人难喻。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>2</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>The worst wheel of a cart creaks most</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直译:最坏的车轮最会嘎嘎响。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意译:(</FONT><FONT>A</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)才学最差,叫喊最响;出力最少,抱怨最忙。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</FONT><FONT>B</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)能猫不叫,叫猫不能。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>3</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.山雨欲来风满楼。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直译:</FONT><FONT>The wind sweeping through the tower heralds a rising storm in themountains</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意译:</FONT><FONT>A turbulent situation foretells a big event</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>/Coming events cast theirshadows before</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>4</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.树倒猢狲散。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直译:</FONT><FONT>When the tree falls</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>the monkeys scatter</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意译:</FONT><FONT>Members run away when the family[constitution]falls</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>/Whenan influential person falls from power</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>his hangers-on disperse</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>/Rats leavea sinking ship</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>

2006-1-24 10:42 fanyijia
<P 2em"><B><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">四、句子</FONT><FONT></FONT></B></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>1</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>And I do not mistrust the future</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>I do not fear</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</FONT><FONT>1</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</FONT><FONT>what is ahead</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>Forour problems are</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</FONT><FONT>2</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</FONT><FONT>large</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>but our</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</FONT><FONT>3</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</FONT><FONT>heart is</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</FONT><FONT>4</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</FONT><FONT>larger</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.(</FONT><FONT>5</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</FONT><FONT>Ourchallenges are</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</FONT><FONT>6</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</FONT><FONT>great</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>but our will is greater</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>And if our flaws are</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</FONT><FONT>7</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</FONT><FONT>endless</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>God's love is truly</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</FONT><FONT>8</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</FONT><FONT>boundless</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直译:(按字面词义);而我不是不相信未来;我不害怕(</FONT><FONT>1</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)即将来临的事情。因为我们的问题是(</FONT><FONT>2</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)大的,但是我们的(</FONT><FONT>3</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)心(</FONT><FONT>4</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)更大。(</FONT><FONT>5</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)我们的挑战是(</FONT><FONT>6</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)大的,但是我们的决心更大。如果我们的缺点是(</FONT><FONT>7</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)没完没了的,上帝的爱是真正的(</FONT><FONT>8</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)无穷无尽的。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意译:(按实际词义):我并非不信任未来;我并不害怕(</FONT><FONT>1</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)我们面临的问题。我们的问题(</FONT><FONT>2</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)很多,但我们的(</FONT><FONT>3</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)心胸(</FONT><FONT>4</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)更宽广。(</FONT><FONT>5</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)我们面临的挑战(</FONT><FONT>6</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)很严峻,但我们的决心更大。如果说我们的弊病(</FONT><FONT>7</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)层出不穷的话,那上帝的爱更是真正的(</FONT><FONT>8</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)广袤无边。(在这一例句中,意译能根据上下文灵活地选词,优于直译。)</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>2</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>The mantle of your high office has been placed on your shoulder at a timewhen the world at large and this Organization are going through an excep-tionally critical phase</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直译(按原句型):正当全世界和本组织处于一个异常危急的时期中,这个崇高职务的重担落到了你的肩上。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意译(改动句型):整个世界和本组织正经历着一个异常危急的时期。在这样一个时期中,这个崇高的职务的重担落到了你的肩上。(在这一例句中,直译保留了原文上下句的鲜明对比,优于意译。)</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>3</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT><FONT style="mso-tab-count: 1">                                          </FONT></FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">静夜思(李白)</FONT></P>
<P align=center><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">床前明月光,</FONT></P>
<P align=center><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">疑是地上霜。</FONT></P>
<P align=center><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">举头望明月,</FONT></P>
<P align=center><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">低头思故乡。</FONT></P>
<P align=center><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直译:</FONT><B><FONT>In the still of night</FONT></B></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>I descry bright moonlight in front of my bed</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>I suspect it to be hoary frost on the floor</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>I watch the bright moon</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>as I tilt back my head</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>I yearn</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>while stooping</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>for my homeland more</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">死译:</FONT><B><FONT>Quiet Night Thought</FONT></B></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>Bedside bright moonlight</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>Is suspected to be frost on he floor</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>Raising head to watch the bright moon</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>Lowering head to think of the hometown</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意译:</FONT><B><FONT>Nostalgia</FONT></B></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>A splash of white on my bedroom floor</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>Hoarfrost</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>I raise my eyes to the moon</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>the same moon</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>As scenes long past come to mind</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>my eyes fall again </FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>on the splashof white</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>and my heart aches for home</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(上面一共有三种译文,其中第二种译文过于机械死板,完全按照原文的字面一字一字地硬译,而第三种译文完全不顾原文的形式,故意把这首诗译成了散文形式。虽信不达,其忠实程度远不及第一首既信又达的直译。)</FONT></P>

2006-1-24 10:42 fanyijia
<P 2em"><FONT>4</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.革命是解放生产力,改革也是解放生产力。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直译:</FONT><FONT>Revolution emancipates producitive forces</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>so does reform</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意译:</FONT><FONT>Revolution means the emancipation of the productive forces</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>and sodoes reform</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(上面的直译是形似而神不似,而上面的意译是形不似却神似,而且是地道的英语,是一个优于直译的译文。)</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一般说来,可以直译的成分可以意译,可以意译的成分也可以直译,但在特定的上下文中,直译与意译之间会有一个优劣问题。译者往往可通过比较在两者中挑选比较合适的一个。但是,由于文化对语言的影响,有些语言成分只能意译,而不能直译,这主要体现在受本国文化影响最深的成语和谚语上面。在这种情况下,按字面意义翻译的就不再是直译,而是死译。请看下面的例子。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>1</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>hand in glove with</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直译:和……狼狈为奸(死译:戴着手套和……合作)</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>2</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>once in a blue moon</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意译:千载难逢(地)(死译:一个蓝色月亮里的一次)</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>3</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.乱七八糟</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意译:</FONT><FONT>at sixes and sevens</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(死译:</FONT><FONT>seven disorders and eight chaos</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>4</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.招风惹草</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意译:</FONT><FONT>look for trouble</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(死译:</FONT><FONT>invite wind to exasperate the grass</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>5</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>It is a long lane that has no turning</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意译:路必有弯;事情必有转机(常用于安慰灰心丧气的人等</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">场合)</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(死译:没有转弯的小巷的确是一条很长的小巷。)</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>6</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>It is an ill bird that fouls its own nest</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意译:家丑不可外扬(死译:弄脏自己巢的鸟的确是一只坏鸟。)</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>7</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.表壮不如里壮。(《红楼梦》第六十八回)</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意译:</FONT><FONT>A sound wife counts for more than a sound husband</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(死译</FONT><FONT> The external strengh is not so much as the internal strength</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.)</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>8</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.外甥打灯笼——照舅(旧)</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意译:</FONT><FONT>act according to the old ways</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(死译:</FONT><FONT>the nephew carrying </FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>alantern</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—</FONT><FONT>showing the way for his uncle</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</FONT><FONT>doing things in the old </FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>fashion</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直译与意译是翻译中一个非常基础的理论问题,也是各种翻译方法研究的出发点。一个篇章、一部分作品的翻译一般都要涉及直译与意译,不同的篇章、不同的作品在直译与意译的程度上自然会有所不同。一般说来,法律文献、政治文献、学术文献、新闻报道要求有更多字面对应准确性很强的直译,而歌词诗词、抒情散文、舞台或电影剧本、小说传记则要求使用更多不求字面对应、只求可读性的意译。在翻译中能否恰如其分地把握好直译与意译的程度显示了一个译者翻译水平的高低。</FONT></P>

2006-1-24 10:43 fanyijia
<P align=center><B><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">英译汉翻译中的增词和减词</FONT><FONT></FONT></B></P>
<P align=center><B><FONT><FONT style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </FONT></FONT></B></P>
<P 2em; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这里所谈的增词和减词,指的是在保证译文和原文思想内容完全一致的前提下,作为一种修辞手段,在译文的字面上作一些增减,为的是使译文更加忠实、流畅、富有文学色彩。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在进行英汉翻译时,不是机械地用一个词去顶另一个词,而是有所增减。这是由于两种语言习惯、语法结构不同所决定的。那么究竟什么时候需要增词,什么时候需要减词呢?</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><B><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一、增词的现象</FONT><FONT></FONT></B></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">增词主要有两种情况:一种是为了句法结构上的完整,一种是为了语义上的完整。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>1</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.为了句法结构上的完整而增词</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">原文在表达时,经常因语法结构和习惯的需要而省略一些词,但在进行汉译时,为了句法结构的完整,就需要把省略了的部分再增补起来。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</FONT><FONT>1</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)原文中省略了动词,汉译时就需要增词。例如:</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>Reading makes a full man</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>Conference a ready man</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>writing an exact man</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.读书使人充实,谈话使人敏捷,写作使人准确。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>Nobody could count on his restraint or rationality</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,”</FONT><FONT>he said</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.他说:“谁也不能指望他会采取克制和讲道理的态度。”</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</FONT><FONT>2</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)原文回答句中省略的部分,汉译时需要增词。例如:</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>Do you like to read the story</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?</FONT><FONT>Yes</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>of course</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>I do</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.你喜欢读这个故事吗?喜欢,我当然喜欢。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>Have you finished your homework</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?</FONT><FONT>Yes</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>father</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.你做完家庭作业了吗?完了,爸爸。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</FONT><FONT>3</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)原文比较句中省略的部分,汉译时需要增词。例如:</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>He is more concerned about others than about himself</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.他关心别人比关心自己更重。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>Better be wise by the defeat of others than your own</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取教训更明智。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>2</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.为了语义上的完整而增词</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">英汉两种语言的词义和构词方法都不同,进行汉译时,就必须根据词义和构词方法而增词,这样才能使语义完整。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</FONT><FONT>1</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)由于英语词汇的词形变化,某些名词含义较广,汉译时需要增词。例如:</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>Dialectical development is a transition from quantitative changes</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.辩证发展过程是由量变到质变的过程。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>You have to overcome your complacency</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.你得克服自满情绪。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</FONT><FONT>2</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)原文句中某些动作名词,汉译时需要增词。例如:</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>In the event of rain</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>the game will be postponed</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.如果天下雨,比赛就得延期。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>The enemies had found themselves in complete isolation</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.敌人已发现他们自己完全陷于孤立无援的境地。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</FONT><FONT>3</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)原文中概括前面所叙述的东西,汉译时需要增词。例如:</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>We must be all concerned for the masses of the people all they need such asfood</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>clothing</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>lodging and transportation</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.我们必须关心人民群众所需要的一切,如衣、食、住、行等。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>We must enable everyone who recieves education to develop morally</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>intellec-tually and physically</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.我们应该使受教育者在德育、智育、体育几个方面都得到发展。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</FONT><FONT>4</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)为了更好地理解原文,汉译时需要增词。例如:</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>Do you agree with me in doing translation strictly according to the principlesstudied</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?你赞成不赞成我的看法:在进行翻译的过程中,应该严格遵守所学的规则。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>Ever since I was a child</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>my parents have always taught me not to borrowfrom others</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.从小父母就一直叮咛我不要向别人借东西。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</FONT><FONT>5</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)为了汉语说起来顺口、连贯,汉译时需要增词。例如:</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>At the meeting he made a speech</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—</FONT><FONT>eloquent and energetic</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.他在会上发表了讲话——很动听、很有力。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>His mother is old and weak</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.他母亲年老体弱。</FONT></P>

2006-1-24 10:44 fanyijia
<P 2em"><B><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">二、减词的现象</FONT><FONT></FONT></B></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">从英语和汉语的句子构成来看,某些词在一种语言中是必要的,而在另一种语言中却是多余的,冠词的使用就是明显的例证。在英语中,冠词很重要,但是,在汉语中不存在这类词。所以有些词在英语中是必要的,但汉译时往往就要省掉。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>1</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.主语的省略</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">根据汉语的习惯,有时为了读起来顺口、行文简洁,原文中的主语,汉译时需要省略。例如:</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>Before you hand <FONT style="mso-tab-count: 1">  </FONT>in your paper</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>you have to read it over and see if there is any-thing in it to be corrected and revised</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.(你)交卷前,(你)必须先检查几遍,看有没有需要修改的地方。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>Mr Zhang began to work as soon as he came to the school</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.张先生一到学校,(他)就开始工作。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>2</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.所有格代词的省略</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">原句用了人称代词的主格后,又用了该人称代词的所有格,汉译时,所有格代词常常省略。例如:</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>She covered her face with her hands as if to protect her eyes</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.她用(她的)手蒙住(她的)脸,好像要保护自己的眼睛。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>All those in favour raise your hands</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.赞成的请举(你们的)手。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>3</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.代词作宾语时的省略</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">代词作宾语时,说话人和听话人,或者读者都知道指什么,汉译时需要省略。例如:</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>I have recieved your letter and read it with delight</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.我收到了你的信并愉快地读了(它)。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>If you like the books</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>you can take them with you</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.如果你喜欢这些书,就拿(它们)去吧。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>4</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.虚词</FONT><FONT>it</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的省略</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>it</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在句中作形式主语或形式宾语,起强调作用,汉译时常常省略。例如:</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>It is dangerous playing with fire</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.玩火是危险的。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>We reqarded it our duty to serve the people</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.我们认为,为人民服务是我们的职责。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>5</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.连系动词</FONT><FONT>be</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的省略</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在英语“主</FONT><FONT>-</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">系</FONT><FONT>-</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">表”结构的句子中,连系动词是不可少的。但汉译时常要省略。例如:</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>He is in Beijing</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.他(是)在北京。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>How old are you</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?你(是)几岁啦?</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>6</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.冠词的省略</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">冠词</FONT><FONT>a</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</FONT><FONT>an</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)和</FONT><FONT>the</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在英语中使用得相当广泛,除表示“一”、“每”、“那”、“这些”、“那些”等意思汉译时需要译出外,一般常常省略。例如:</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>He is an Englishman</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>and not an American</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.他是英国人,不是美国人。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>Shut the door</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>please</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.请把门关上。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>7</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.连词的省略</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">英语中连词用得较多,但在汉语中用得则较少,其上下文的逻辑关系常是暗含的,由词语的次序来表示。汉译时,在很多情况下连词被省略。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</FONT><FONT>1</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)并列连词的省略。例如:</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>Promote physical culture and build up the people's health</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.发展体育运动,增强人民体质。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</FONT><FONT>2</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)复合同中连词的省略。例如:</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>Never get on or off the bus before it comes to a standstill</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.车未停稳,切勿上下。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>If winter comes</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>can spring be far behind</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?冬天来了,春天还会远吗?</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>8</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.介词的省略</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">介词在英语句中起着重要的作用,用得很多,一般情况下,表示时间和地点的英语介词进行汉译时,如能放在汉语动词之前,常可省略;放在汉语动词之后,大多不能省略。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</FONT><FONT>1</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)表示时间介词的省略。例如:</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>1949</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年中华人民共和国成立了。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(比较:中华人民共和国成立于</FONT><FONT>1949</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年。)</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>I never saw such a man in my life</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.我一生从没见过这样的人。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</FONT><FONT>2</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)表示地点介词的省略。例如:</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>What scenic spots are there in GuangZhou</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?广州有什么风景区?</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>Many new factories have been set up in our hometown</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.我们家乡建立了许多新工厂。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">增词和减词作为一个重要的翻译技巧,我们还会遇到很多,所以在今后的翻译实践中,应当继续努力不断加以总结和完善。</FONT></P>

2006-1-24 10:45 fanyijia
<P align=center><B><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">英汉类同成语的翻译</FONT><FONT></FONT></B></P>
<P align=center><B><FONT><FONT style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </FONT></FONT></B></P>
<P 2em; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有相当一部分英语成语和汉语里的成语或词组相通,其用法和表达方式几乎完全一样,可以逐词对译出来;这类成语比较容易为我们所接受,特别适合于初涉英语成语的学习者,对这类成语在平时学习过程中要注意积累。现将一些较常见的举例说明。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>1</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>bad egg</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">坏蛋,歹徒</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>Trust him nothing</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>he is a bad egg</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.别信他,他是个坏蛋。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>2</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>crocodile tears</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">鳄鱼的眼泪,假慈悲</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>Don't weep crocodile tears with his misfortune</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>I know you have always de-tested him and are only too happy to see him get into trouble</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.别假惺惺地为他的不幸难过了,我知道你一直讨厌他,看到他倒霉,心里可高兴哩!</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>3</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>cry wolf</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">呼喊“狼来了”,发假警报</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>That politician cries wolf in every speech he makes</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.那个政治家在他的每篇演说中都发假警报。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>4</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.(</FONT><FONT>that is</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</FONT><FONT>easier said than done</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">说起来容易做起来难</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>Easier said than done</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>let's pay more attention to practice</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.说起来容易做起来难,让我们多注意些实践吧!</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>5</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>fish in troubled waters</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">混水摸鱼,乘人之危</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>He's always been good at fishing in troubled waters </FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>he made a lot of moneyby buying houses that were bombed in the war</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.他总是善于乘人之危大捞一把,他靠购买在战争中遭过轰炸的房屋而赚了大量的钱财。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>6</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>fish out of water</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">离水之鱼,不得其所</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>She felt like a fish out of water at the evening party because she knew no one</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">她在晚会上感到很局促,因为她一个人也不认识。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>7</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>give someone an inch and he will take an ell</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">得寸进尺</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>If you give those people an inch</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>they'll take an ell </FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>we told them they mightuse our side path to reach their garden</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>now they have fenced in the path so that wecannot use it ourselves</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.那些人就是得寸进尺;我们对他们说,他们可以经过我们的小道进他们的花园,现在他们已在小道上修起了篱笆,以致我们自己也无法走这条小路过去了。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>8</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>go west</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上西天,死,失败</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>Poor John was one of those west in the explosion</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可怜的约翰是在这次爆炸中魂归西天的人之一。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>9</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>in a word</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一句话,简而言之</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>I have no time to tell you the whole story</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>in a word</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>they become hostile toeach other</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.我没时间把全部经过告诉你,一句话,他们相互成了仇敌。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>10</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>lose face</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">丢脸;失面子</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>Certain country often loses face in regard to its relations with small weak coun-tries on account of its dirty tricks</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.某个国家在与弱小国家交往中因使用卑鄙手段而总是丢脸。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>11</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>odds and ends</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">零零碎碎</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>What shall we do with all those odds and ends</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我们用那些残余的东西可做什么呢?</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>12</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>Play with fire</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">玩火,做无谓而危险的事</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>He who plays with fire gets burned</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.玩火者必自焚。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>13</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>strike while the iron is hot</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">趁热打铁</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>Father is in a good mood at the moment</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>Strike while the iron is hot and askhim to let you go to the circus</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.这时父亲的情绪很好,乘此机会求他让你去看马戏。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>14</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>there's no smoke without fire</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">无火不冒烟;无风不起浪</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>The story is all over the town</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>It is being spread by someone or by somepeople</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>There's no smoke without fire</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.这个传说遍及全城,有人或有些人还在散布。真是无火不冒烟。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>15</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>a thorn in the flesh</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</FONT><FONT>side</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)肉中刺;棘手的事,不断使某人烦恼的根源</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>The memory of this act will be a thorn in the flesh for the rest of your life</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>my boy</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.回忆这行为使你终生烦恼,我的朋友。</FONT></P>

2006-1-24 10:45 fanyijia
<P align=center><B><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">英语人名地名的翻译</FONT><FONT></FONT></B></P>
<P align=center><B><FONT><FONT style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </FONT></FONT></B></P>
<P 2em; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">英语人名、地名,有工具书可查,全国统一,读者方便。我国出版的《新英汉词典》、《英华大词典》正文中都列有英美等国家的重要地名。《新英汉词典》附录里有常见英美姓名表;近年出版的《辞海》后面附有“外国人名译名对照表”。此外,有辛华编的《英语姓名译名手册》和中国地名委员会编的《外国地名译名手册》(商务印书馆出版)、《法语姓名译名手册》以及西班牙语、葡萄牙语、德语、罗马尼亚语、日语等姓名译名手册。如仍然查不到,可以借用上述工具书中含有相同音节的词条中的汉词拼组。如</FONT><FONT>SpottedTail</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这个人名,《英语姓名译名手册》中没有列入,但倒有包含相同音节(或音素)的词。</FONT><FONT>Spotted Tail</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一词,可参考</FONT><FONT>Spotts</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(斯波茨)与</FONT><FONT> Olmsted</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(奥姆斯特德)取前者的首音节与后者的尾音节,组成“斯波特德”。</FONT><FONT>Tail</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一词可参照</FONT><FONT>Tailor</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(泰勒)译为“泰尔”,全名可译为‘</FONT><FONT>'</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">斯波特德·泰尔”。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">假如必须自译,有几点要注意:</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>1</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.要用我国出版物沿用已久的名词,不要另起炉灶,人名如“罗斯福”、“伊丽莎白”等,地名如“泰晤士河”、“洛杉矶”等。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>2</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.用音译,慎用意译及以音谐意,如人名</FONT><FONT>Wall</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>Sleep</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,译成“沃尔”与“斯利普”,不可译成“墙(墙壁)”与“睡(睡眠)”。地名</FONT><FONT> Longbridge</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>Pleas-ant Hill</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,译成”朗布里奇”,“普莱曾特希尔”,一般不译成“长桥”,“令人愉快的山”。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>3</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.人名中姓和名(及教名)之间,用圆点间隔,如</FONT><FONT> John Thomas Smith</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“约翰·托马斯·史密斯”。姓氏前有</FONT><FONT>Jr</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.译成“小”,以示与其祖父相区别。地名若有两个词,则不间隔,如</FONT><FONT> Las Animas</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“拉斯阿尼马斯”。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>4</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.具有较明显的外来民族特征的姓名,按原民族语言译音,如</FONT><FONT>Skolovski</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“斯克沃夫斯基”(波兰语发音),其余按英语发音习惯处理,如</FONT><FONT>Skolovsky</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“斯科路夫斯基”(英语发音)。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>5</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.用我国普通话发音,用规范的、通俗的汉字。</FONT></P>

2006-1-24 10:46 fanyijia
<P align=center><B><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">专有名词和事物名词的常用翻译方法</FONT><FONT></FONT></B></P>
<P align=center><B><FONT><FONT style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </FONT></FONT></B></P>
<P 2em; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我们在英译汉时,常常会碰到一些专有名词和事物名词。对于这些词,有时我们可以在字典或其他工具书里找到相对应的译词,有时则需要译者自己灵活掌握。我们在翻译这些专有名词和事物名词时,经常采用表意法、谐音法、表形法、谐音加表意法、部分谐音部分表意法等五种方法,其中表意法和谐音法用得最为广泛。</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><B><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一、表意法(</FONT><FONT>semantic translation</FONT></B><B><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</FONT><FONT></FONT></B></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这是最常用的一种译法,即在汉语中找出同原词含义相同的词。在大多数情况下,我们是可以在字典或其他工具书里找到相应的译词的。如:</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>computer</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">:计算机</FONT><FONT><FONT style="mso-tab-count: 1">                  </FONT>magnifier</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">:放大镜</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>perambulator</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">:童车</FONT><FONT> <FONT style="mso-tab-count: 1">              </FONT>transformer</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">:变压器</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有时我们可以用表意法将英语中两个或两个以上的名词仅从字面上翻译成汉语中的一个词或名词性词组。一般情况下,译文和原文的含义是相符的。如:</FONT></P>
<P 2em"><FONT>down coat</FONT><