英语论坛-英语麦当劳 » 英语问题区 » 英语阅读理解方法

2006-1-30 12:10 woaixuexi
英语阅读理解方法

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z E M!Z4U S 阅读是我们学习英语必须掌握的最重要的技能。“阅读与理解”不仅是近年来各种英语测试的重要内容,而且也是我们以后实际运用的法宝,所以,提高阅读能力,对我们提高英语水平,迅速了解重要信息,是十分重要的,通过阅读可以增强词汇的记忆,通过上下文掌握词义。大量阅读,有助于培养用英语思维的习惯,排除母语的干扰。有一些英语学习者在阅读过程中还存在着一些不好的习惯,如:有些人在阅读时喜欢一个字一个字地读,也就是说以词为单位进行阅读。这样不但不能提高阅读速度而且还会影响对文章整体意思的理解。有些人喜欢先语法后阅读,也就是说在阅读时处处都要用语法规则来衡量,这样死抠语法的阅读方式有时反倒会妨碍对文章整体的理解。还有一些人偏爱查词典,遇到一个生词就翻词典,而不是先想一想这个词在上下文中的意思。在词典里找到这个词后,常常把这个词的第一条解释作为该词在文章中的词义,这样往往会造成越读越糊涂的后果。所以,进行阅读时还要注意方法.为了更有效地进行阅读,我们还要注意掌握一些阅读技巧。下面就介绍几种常见的阅读技巧。

2006-1-30 12:11 woaixuexi
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</FONT><FONT>1</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)阅读中的猜词技巧。</FONT></P>'h Y Gu,N8h1Yv
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“猜词”不是瞎猜,而是通过上下文(</FONT><FONT>context</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)进行分析,运用逻辑推理来确定生词的词义。常见的猜词技巧有以下几种:</FONT></P>2e%a(L~'c$P0Q5u4cgs
<P 2em"><FONT>1</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)利用同义词猜词。例:</FONT></P>
H1w Y}GI <P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①</FONT><FONT>The old woman has a strange habit to keep overcats in her house</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>Her neighbours all called her an <B>eccentriclady</B></FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>#`~/twg Y
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">仅看后句,也许“</FONT><FONT>eccentric</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”是生词,但若和前一句联系起来看,就可发现“</FONT><FONT>eccentric</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”与“</FONT><FONT>strange</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”应是意思相近的形容词,意为“奇怪的”或“古怪的”。</FONT></P>
$p dsvR!? <P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②</FONT><FONT>Large chunks of ice and snow melt very slowly</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>Oncethey begin to <B>thaw</B></FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>several weeks of warm weather may berequired before they are totally dissolved</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.如果“</FONT><FONT>thaw</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”是生词,我们可以从上下文与之同义的词</FONT><FONT>melt</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>dissolve</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中,猜出它的词义也是“溶解”“融化”。</FONT></P>

2006-1-30 12:11 woaixuexi
<P 2em"><FONT>2</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)利用反义词猜词。例:</FONT></P>|6~]&vc;I
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①</FONT><FONT>In many nations there are two financial extremes</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(极端的),</FONT><FONT>from <B>penury </B>to great wealth</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.假若“</FONT><FONT>penury</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”是生词,让我们看看如何猜出词义?句中讲到“</FONT><FONT>two financial exrtremes</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”(两个财政极端),“极端之一”是“巨富”(</FONT><FONT>great wealth</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">),那么另一极端就是“赤贫”,这也就猜出</FONT><FONT>penury</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的词义了。</FONT></P>
)C.F KM |n[ Z <P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②</FONT><FONT>Our <B>spacious</B> house has more advantages than ourovercrowded apartment</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.假设“</FONT><FONT>spacious</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”是生词,用同样方法可推测其词义。比“</FONT><FONT>overcrowded</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”(过分拥挤)有“更多的优点”,那么“</FONT><FONT>spacious</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”的词义就不点自明了,它该是“宽敞的”。</FONT></P>
a?G)],gQLY <P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">③</FONT><FONT>Mrs Smith is <B>loquacious</B> while her husband is thesilent type</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.如果</FONT><FONT>loquacious</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是生词,我们通过与</FONT><FONT>silent</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(寡言的)对比可猜出</FONT><FONT>loquacious</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一定与</FONT><FONT>silent</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">词义相对,应为“多嘴的”、“饶舌的”。</FONT></P>

2006-1-30 12:12 woaixuexi
<P 2em"><FONT>3</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)根据文意猜词。例:</FONT></P>
.t9}5r"FE6w <P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①</FONT><FONT>Scientists grow large quantities of common would sothat they can get penicillin from it in order to make <B>antibiotics</B></FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>that is</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>substances that kill germs</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.假如“</FONT><FONT>antibiotics</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”是生词,我们通过后面句子的解释“…</FONT><FONT>kill germs</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”,便不难猜出它的意思是“抗生素”。</FONT></P>
UT`-?Z Ap5T <P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为了强调某个观点或把某事叙述得更明白,作者有时运用不同词汇来表达同一概念,即重复前面的内容。如:</FONT></P>;R4zt'g4u-Av5V~
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②</FONT><FONT>Should the goverment <B>regulate</B> the cost of resourcessuch as oil and gas</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?</FONT><FONT>Some people do not believe that gover</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</FONT><FONT>ment control is the solution to the problem of the rising costof fuel</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.如果“</FONT><FONT>regulate</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”是生词,可再往下看,作者的第二句话实际是对第一句话的重复表达。因此,可猜出“</FONT><FONT>regulate</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”为“控制”。</FONT></P>

2006-1-30 12:12 woaixuexi
<P 2em"><FONT>4</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)根据上下文的对比关系或因果关系。例:</FONT></P>
n Y,bn]&];j <P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①</FONT><FONT>The major points of your plan are clear to me</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>but thedetails are still <B>hazy</B></FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.假设</FONT><FONT>hazy</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是生词,在知道前半句话的意思之后,通过句中的</FONT><FONT>but</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">与</FONT><FONT>clear</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">相对比,就很容易看出</FONT><FONT>hazy</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的意思应该是“模糊不清的”。</FONT></P>Zey.~#Df(F} MJ
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②</FONT><FONT>If you agree</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>say</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“</FONT><FONT>yes</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”.</FONT><FONT>If you <B>dissent</B></FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>say</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“</FONT><FONT>No</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”.假设</FONT><FONT>dissent</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是生词。通过对比,</FONT><FONT>agree</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—</FONT><FONT>yes</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>dissent</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—</FONT><FONT>no</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。可以推出是“不赞同”的意思。</FONT></P>qMP)C E
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">③</FONT><FONT>Since no one is against it</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>we</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">’</FONT><FONT>ll <B>adopt</B> the proposal</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.假设</FONT><FONT>adopt</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是生词,看一下原因与结果在逻辑上的联系,</FONT><FONT>adopt</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(动词)出现在结果从句中,“既然没有人反对这个建议”,通常会有什么结果呢?故</FONT><FONT>adopt</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">应是“采纳”的意思。</FONT></P>

2006-1-30 12:12 woaixuexi
<P 2em"><FONT>5</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)利用词缀、构词法猜词。</FONT></P>W*^9x)d jN
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">阅读中遇到的生词,有时是由熟悉的单词派生、合成等造出的新词,可利用构词法的知识来推测出词义。例如:</FONT></P>ch;dc&G5e Y q5r
<P 2em"><FONT>We walked across the river on a <B>footbridge</B></FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.假设</FONT><FONT>foot</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</FONT><FONT>bridge</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是生词。</FONT><FONT>footbridge</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是由我们熟悉的</FONT><FONT>foot</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">+</FONT><FONT>bridge</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">合成的。这两个词的意思合在一起,再根据上下文,可得出是“人行桥”。</FONT></P>V!K%iL F${-c
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">另外,掌握词根、前缀和后缀,对猜测词义也很有帮助。假如我们学习</FONT><FONT>selfish</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.(自私的),利用构词法可猜出“</FONT><FONT>unselfish</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</FONT><FONT>ness</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”的词义。因为“</FONT><FONT>selfish</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”加上后缀</FONT><FONT>-ness</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">变成相应的名词“</FONT><FONT>selfishness</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”(自私),再加上前缀</FONT><FONT>un</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-(意为“不”)变成“</FONT><FONT>un</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</FONT><FONT>selfishness</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”,便可知它的词义为“无私、慷慨,”。</FONT></P>

2006-1-30 12:13 woaixuexi
<P 2em"><FONT>6</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)根据一般常识和上下文中的具体情节猜词。例:</FONT></P>FWe-ROC;E+R
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①</FONT><FONT>The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.(由于门很矮,所以我的头碰到了</FONT><FONT>lintel</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上。)按一般常识</FONT><FONT>lin</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</FONT><FONT>tel</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">肯定是门框上的“横木”。</FONT></P>+mNwW+Nm
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②</FONT><FONT>The elderly woman used a <B>cane</B> to help her walk</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.(老太太用</FONT><FONT>cane</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">来帮助走路。)可见</FONT><FONT>cane</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是手杖的意思。</FONT></P>jF:le E(r+j)Kh$h
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">作为一种技能,猜词在阅读中对于排除生词障碍有着重要的作用。但要记住:</FONT><FONT>a</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)猜,不是瞎猜;</FONT><FONT>b</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)培养猜的技能并不意味着彻底丢掉词典。在阅读中若遇到能通过上下文推理出来的词,如成语典故或与文化背景知识有关的词语,不要望文生义,还是要查一查词典。像下面这句话:</FONT><FONT>I heard by accidentthat he was on the rocks </FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>that</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">’</FONT><FONT>s how I make him that al</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</FONT><FONT>lowance</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.这句话的意思是:“我偶然听说他非常穷,所以我要给他那笔津贴。”这里的</FONT><FONT>on the rocks</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是成语“穷困”的意思。即使你知道</FONT><FONT>allowance</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的意思是“津贴”,也容易较准确地猜出它的意思。但是还是要查一查,把意思确定下来,以便牢记。有时读完一份阅读材料之后,对于通过推理得出词义的生词也可以用词典检查一下你的“猜词准确率”。这样有助于巩固你对单词的记忆。</FONT></P>

2006-1-30 12:13 woaixuexi
2<FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)一词多义的阅读理解。</FONT>
h4Z/|,ld0[ <P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">英语单词在语言发展的过程中逐渐从其基本词义引伸,派生出一些新的词义,这就形成了一词多义。可以说,英语里的一词多义给阅读理解带来了不小的困难。例如:</FONT><FONT>hand</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,本来只作动物的“前肢”,人的“手”解,后来,发生了转义,可以指“手艺、才能、手腕、雇员、支配、鼓掌、传递、书法、手迹”等,到钟表出现后,又用来指“指针”。所以</FONT><FONT>hand</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">出现在文章中到底是什么词义,是不能以一个甚至几个词义作局限性理解的。</FONT></P>
!@aX.l(RFz <P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一词多义使语言显得活泼、形象,但给我们的阅读理解增加了障碍。如果理解失误,甚至可能造成笑话。例如,楼上的人朝楼下喊:</FONT><FONT>look out</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">!随即将一盆水泼下。楼上的人听到喊声,理解为“快朝外看!”便把头伸出窗外,正好“迎接”了这盆水。原因就是</FONT><FONT>look out</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有“向外看”和“小心、当心”两种词义。像这样的例子并不少见。</FONT></P>
8X eR3U:bt <P 2em"><FONT>Bill was the poorest student in the class</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>c ECl n;]I ^
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">此句既可理解为“比尔是班上最贫苦的学生”,也可理解为“比尔是班上成绩最差的学生”,因为</FONT><FONT>poor</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有“穷”和“差”两种意义。再如:</FONT></P>
&o M%fY7Bl <P 2em"><FONT>Mary was a simple girl</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>
2D ZG#?\y_4| <P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">此句既可理解为“玛丽是个头脑简单的女孩”,也可理解为“玛丽是个生活俭朴的女孩”,因为</FONT><FONT>simple</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">即有“头脑简单”的意义,又有“生活俭朴”的意义。</FONT></P>
D0{+sPqSv:b <P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">那么,词义如何才能有个确切的解释呢?这就要看特定的语言环境。例:</FONT></P>
-vT:Q0~ U.s%n <P 2em"><FONT>Bill was the poorest student in our class</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>he evencouldn</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">’</FONT><FONT>t afford the school expenses</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.此中的</FONT><FONT>poorest</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">就只能理解为“贫穷”。</FONT></P> B*U+d uI3R#b'i)wO
<P 2em"><FONT>Mary was so simple as to believe it</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.此处的</FONT><FONT>simple</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">就只能解释为“头脑简单”。</FONT></P>
-i\LfRfn <P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由此可见,对一词多义的理解不能单靠词典,最好的方法还是根据上下文意思及其连贯性去考虑。所以,我们认为,路德维希·维特根斯坦说得好,“词的意义是它在语言中的用途。”</FONT></P>w {7n8r(Rjs
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">高中英语课本有这样一个例子:</FONT></P>2IzIow C;e
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">…</FONT><FONT>as if he had not yet arrived at that obvious fact evenafter the hardest mental labour</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>
.aD9I&q[ <P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">当</FONT><FONT>Jim</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">发现</FONT><FONT>Della</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">剪掉了她心爱的头发,惊得目瞪口呆,简直不敢相信自己的眼睛,所以说,“他仿佛是经过艰苦的思索之后,还没有把显而易见的事实弄明白。”在这里,</FONT><FONT>arrive at</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不能理解为“到达”,只能解释为“理解”、“弄明白”。</FONT></P>
xzRVD\+~0qy <P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">再如</FONT><FONT>make</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,其用法和意义更是令人眼花缭乱,它和不同的词语搭配在一起,使得</FONT><FONT>make</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在每个场合都有了它特定的词义。例如:</FONT></P>
a8S*Q5l8j!a:oe1o <P 2em"><FONT>make progress</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">取得进步/</FONT><FONT>make mistake</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">犯错误/</FONT><FONT>makethe footprint</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">留下脚印/</FONT><FONT>make one</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">’</FONT><FONT>s way</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">排除困难前进/</FONT><FONT>makethe bed</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">铺床/</FONT><FONT>make faces</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">做鬼脸/</FONT><FONT>make friends with</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">同……交朋友/</FONT><FONT>make use of</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">利用/</FONT><FONT>make fun of</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">取笑/</FONT><FONT>be made of</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</FONT><FONT>from</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)由……制成/</FONT><FONT>make up one</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">’</FONT><FONT>s mind</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">下定决心等等。</FONT></P>5u ^%Y9n3R"~w\(cy)x
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">再看一句有趣的句子:</FONT></P>
4Kk ncha:Y <P 2em"><FONT>He stepped out of the room and came into the men</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">’</FONT><FONT>sroom and there was no room for him</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.这句话中三个</FONT><FONT>room</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分别为房间、厕所和空位。</FONT></P>*T;p \)jV
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">综上所述,可以看出,一词多义是个复杂而又经常碰到的问题,因此,能否在阅读中快速判断词的确切意思,也是区别阅读理解能力高低的重要标志之一。</FONT></P>

2006-1-30 12:14 woaixuexi
3<FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)长句结构理解法。</FONT>
}7X*yY&V+Y*z9E| <P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在阅读过程中长句常会带来许多困难。如果能够正确看出句子的结构,搞清句子各部分的关系,整个句子的意思就明白了。例:</FONT></P>
7eKiRsEg6o| <P 2em"><FONT>1</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</FONT><B><FONT>As you show</FONT></B><FONT> that you are interested in your school ororganization</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><B><FONT>that</FONT></B><FONT> you have understanding and respect foryour schoolmates</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><B><FONT>and that</FONT></B><FONT> you will work and use your imagination</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><B><FONT>your schoolmates</FONT></B><FONT> will naturally <B>think of you as </B>one of their leaders</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>Z+m*X/t9Z+u7O&_
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">先看一下它的主要结构,</FONT><FONT>As you show that</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">…,</FONT><FONT>that</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">…,</FONT><FONT>and that</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">…,</FONT><FONT>your schoolmates will think of you as</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">…,这是一个复合句,主句在后,前面是由</FONT><FONT>As</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">引导的原因状语从句,里面有三个</FONT><FONT>that</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">引导的从句都在</FONT><FONT>as</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">从句里做</FONT><FONT>show</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的宾语。通过分析,搞清关系:“你的同学们自然会认为你是他们的领导者之一。”是主句,前面的一大串都是你的同学们为什么会认为你是他们的领导者之一的原因。</FONT></P>n9rt'w/vyO{
<P 2em"><FONT>2</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</FONT><FONT>He said when I asked him he had been reading thebook he was carrying several days</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>
'NIT9z#d sm%k <P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这个句子猛一下看上去容易把关系搞混,让我们把主干成分找出来,</FONT><FONT>He said that he had been reading the book</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.再看与两个从句(状语从句,定语从句)的关系,句子要表达的意思就清楚了。</FONT></P>
&B!O2`#RD <P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">搞清句子各部分的关系,是一种帮助理解句义的方法。</FONT></P>

2006-1-30 12:14 woaixuexi
4<FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)运用推理做“阅读理解”题。</FONT>
:w Q;|g5A5f5bM <P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">推理,即抓住前提进行合理判断,从而得出结论。做任何一道阅读理解题都是一个推理过程。近年的高考试题中,有些题目的前提似有“言外之意”或有多个前提,捉摸不定。这就要求学习者除了具有一定的阅读理解能力外,还要掌握一定的推理技巧。常见的推理方法有四种:</FONT></P>e!k+U ~ uL%v
<P 2em"><FONT>1</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)范围推理。</FONT></P>|1p;U%Hv C\m
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">即以选项意义的范围大小为线索,抓住前提进行推理。这又分两种情况:</FONT></P>$g:L,H*n"wzdz
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①考主旨大意的题目,其最佳答案是范围最大的。请看例文:</FONT></P>Ro c.BrI;AO+j
<P 2em"><FONT>Moscow</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>Russia</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</FONT><FONT>space news</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)——“</FONT><FONT>The computer is abetter chess player</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”,</FONT><FONT>insisted Viktor Prozorov</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>the loser</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,“</FONT><FONT>Itseemed as if it were laughing after every good more</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>I knowI should beaten it for the sake of mankind</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>but I justcouldn</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">’</FONT><FONT>t win</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.”</FONT><FONT>he announced and shook his head sadly</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>V Hv%[o#x
<P 2em"><FONT>Prozorov</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">’</FONT><FONT>s disappointment was shared by several grandmasters who were present</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>some of whom were so upset thatthey shouted at the machine</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>Many chess players said thatthis meant the end of chess championships around theworld</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>since the fun had been taken out of the game</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>5|*f@*_4bM(]z
<P 2em"><FONT>The computer walked</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">——</FONT><FONT>or rather</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>rolled</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—</FONT><FONT>away with5000 dollars in prize money and limited its remarks to a setof noises and lights</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>
6ar8B&WH&XE <P 2em"><FONT>a</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</FONT><FONT>Which of the following best gives the main idea ofthis newspaper article</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?</FONT></P>,y&IE+CS ew#Y
<P 2em"><FONT>A</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>5000 dollars goes to a computer</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">!</FONT></P>5U t)N;e l"y{ g
<P 2em"><FONT>B</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>New invention</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">:</FONT><FONT>a laughing computer</FONT></P>1h O/b y9ZV3Ei y
<P 2em"><FONT>C</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>World</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">’</FONT><FONT>s best chess player beaten</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">!</FONT></P>
:c[!qnJ <P 2em"><FONT>D</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>Computer defeats man in chess</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">!</FONT></P>
w'o8O#GM3].{pb wr <P 2em"><FONT>b</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</FONT><FONT> How did some of the grand masters feel about thechess game between Prozorov and the computer</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?</FONT></P>;wK aK|+k j&eU ij b
<P 2em"><FONT>A</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>They thought that the game was no fun</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>
*GryH5lj&[!p^ <P 2em"><FONT>B</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>They thought that the game wasn</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">’</FONT><FONT>t fair</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>)AQ7R4i Y6J9X4v2R N
<P 2em"><FONT>C</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>They agreed that Prozorov didn</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">’</FONT><FONT>t play well</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>6f Pq)@Hc5t"{f y
<P 2em"><FONT>D</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>They were unhappy that the computer had won</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>Ls)W1]u b_"E,x
<P 2em"><FONT>c</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</FONT><FONT> What was it that Prozorov felt most bitter</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(懊恼)</FONT><FONT>about</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?</FONT></P>/tEGWQ~]-fL
<P 2em"><FONT>A</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>That he didn</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">’</FONT><FONT>t win the5000</FONT></P>{ LO}!u$B.{#C
<P 2em"><FONT>B</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>That he hadn</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">’</FONT><FONT>t tried his best</FONT></P>
1n-G-p6y1c4o*P&i/TA <P 2em"><FONT>C</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>That he had lost to a machine</FONT></P>~7Yqh0c
<P 2em"><FONT>D</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>That this was the end of the chess game</FONT></P>3e6S6N_;y3B A9|
<P 2em"><FONT>d</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</FONT><FONT>After winning the game</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>the computer</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>______</FONT></P> XK1b)k"P
<P 2em"><FONT>A</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>laughed </FONT></P>
ek1i;?Bo*s f:u <P 2em"><FONT>B</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>walked away</FONT></P>
;KXq^tr2Wq <P 2em"><FONT>C</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT> make some remarks</FONT></P>
p;~4`&{\u <P 2em"><FONT>D</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>gave out some lights and sounds</FONT></P>
Y}V%z'[ <P 2em"><FONT>e</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</FONT><FONT>Many chess players felt that playing with a computerwould</FONT></P>
{6so]x$_O0Kg}} <P 2em"><FONT>A</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>make the game together</FONT></P>Y \o!J3x;}pgJP
<P 2em"><FONT>B</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>make the game less interesting</FONT></P>"`+rf\0u#Ztc"\
<P 2em"><FONT>C</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>make man appear foolish</FONT></P>
2OC'Ik4c&o <P 2em"><FONT>D</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>make man loss lots of money</FONT></P>
*b-Nn Px+Gq7b t S <P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第</FONT><FONT>a</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)题除了</FONT><FONT>B</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">与文章明显不符外,</FONT><FONT>A</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</FONT><FONT>C</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</FONT><FONT>D</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">似乎都对,但</FONT><FONT>A</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</FONT><FONT>C</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">只说了其中一方面,</FONT><FONT>D</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的范围最大。“计算机在象棋赛中击败人类”这个意义包含了</FONT><FONT>A</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“奖金被计算机得去”,也包含了</FONT><FONT>C</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“世界最优秀的棋手被击败”。应选</FONT><FONT>D</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>A</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</FONT><FONT>C</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">属下位概念。</FONT></P>
py]NIx,v <P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②考事实细节的题目应排除意义范围较大的选项,或排除超出文章范围的选项,推理出最贴切的答案。如第</FONT><FONT>e</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)题,</FONT><FONT>A</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</FONT><FONT>C</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">两项文中未提到,超出范围,应予排除。</FONT><FONT>B</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</FONT><FONT>D</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">两项文中都提到,但</FONT><FONT>D</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的范围太大,文中仅说这次比赛中计算机赢得</FONT><FONT>5000</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元,未说今后每次都设重奖,而且都以金钱为奖。</FONT><FONT>B</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">正是许多象棋运动员所持的观点,在意义范围之内直截了当,应选</FONT><FONT>B</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</FONT></P>

2006-1-30 12:15 woaixuexi
针对性推理。-Q:M BXJn%Qt2f3~;J YG
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">即把选项的针对性、侧重点和问句的内容前提,推断出正确答案。</FONT></P>h1`;[ n%G)V2Y"h
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有时几个选项本身都成立。但有的答非所问,有的“旁敲侧击”,只有一个选项敲在“点子”上。如第</FONT><FONT>c</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)题,除了</FONT><FONT>B</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">超出文章意义外,</FONT><FONT>A</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</FONT><FONT>C</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</FONT><FONT>D</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">本身都是成立的。但针对问句的主语</FONT><FONT>Prozorov</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,又靠不上,因为文中“象棋锦标赛的终结”的观点是另一些运动员持有。再针对问句的内容“</FONT><FONT>the most bitter</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”,排除</FONT><FONT>A</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,因为</FONT><FONT>Prozorov</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是本着“为人类击败计算机”来参加比赛的,但一番奋斗后大失所望,最使他懊恼的是失败,而金钱是其次的,故应选</FONT><FONT>C</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。再看下一题:</FONT></P>
%H;F D.\1P j)T1CwY <P 2em"><FONT>Why did several grand maters feel disappointed as Pro</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</FONT><FONT>Zorov</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?</FONT></P>4sb4q(E,}0P"y
<P 2em"><FONT>A</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>Because they were among the first</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</FONT><FONT>class players</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>g#MK Tl U$Rk i
<P 2em"><FONT>B</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>Because Prozorov lost the game</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>
5x l6wG f <P 2em"><FONT>C</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>Because 5000 dollars was given to the computer</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>.Uf9}6R,Rr-UNe
<P 2em"><FONT>D</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>Because they had supposed man would be beaten</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">!</FONT></P>
#h AEzL"`U ^$?"O <P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">四项都成立,但是</FONT><FONT>A</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不符合逻辑,似乎第一流的旗手都必须为此失望。</FONT><FONT>B</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">问句着重“大师们失望”,而不是问</FONT><FONT>Prozorov</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">沮丧的原因,因果不清。</FONT><FONT>C</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">大师们跟</FONT><FONT>Prozorov</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一样,并不在钱上打主意,再说即使赢了,奖金也未必与他们分享。只有</FONT><FONT>D</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">敲在“点子”上,说明了他们失望的根本原因。</FONT></P>

2006-1-30 12:15 woaixuexi
排除法推理。i$w7\.|#A4J
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">即剔除意义上明显有错误的选项,缩小选择范围,得出正确答案。</FONT></P>
_;@"L7FLE*^D,x3E <P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">排除法适用于每一道题,融汇于各种推理方法之中。如第</FONT><FONT>2</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">题,可从针对性方面考虑,可从范围上考虑,也可用排除法推理。选项</FONT><FONT>B</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,文中未提到;选项</FONT><FONT>C</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,也超出文章范围;选项</FONT><FONT>A</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">虽然文中提到,但主语张冠李戴,“觉得无趣”的人不是</FONT><FONT>some299of the grand masters</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,也不是</FONT><FONT>many class Players</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>A</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</FONT><FONT>B</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</FONT><FONT>C</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一一被排除,其正确答案自然是</FONT><FONT>D</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">了。</FONT></P>b f} I3W;Tg3[Cs6A4]
<P 2em"><FONT>4</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)深层意义推理。</FONT></P>:T/o,J8[m;@)`
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">即以表层意义为前提,推断深层意义,以已知信息推测未知内容。</FONT></P>#qk IN(x]
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第</FONT><FONT>d</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)题,四个选项中都有与文章相同的词句,这就需要挖掘文章的深层意义和理解选项的确切意义。文中的笑不是真正的笑,而是似乎在笑。深层意义是</FONT><FONT>Prozorov</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对计算机的高招愤恨、着急,感到计算机的自鸣得意,似乎还在嘲笑他无能。</FONT><FONT>A</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直截了当说它笑了,是不切实际的。文中在</FONT><FONT>walked</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">之后加了</FONT><FONT>or rather</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>rolled</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,深层意义是计算机不是步行,而是靠轮子行走,</FONT><FONT>walked</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">拟人化。它像人一样携奖金而去,大师们望机兴叹,无可奈何。</FONT><FONT>B</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">却是实实在在的“步行”,错了。文中</FONT><FONT>re</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</FONT><FONT>mark</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">仅限于一系列指示灯和声音,深层意义是它不能口头表达或评论,只能用指示灯和蜂鸣器表达它的“观点”,</FONT><FONT>remark</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">也只是拟人手法。</FONT><FONT>C</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">没有其它问句限定、补充,指的是通常的概念,只有</FONT><FONT>D</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意义与原文相符。再看下一题:</FONT></P>GB(y'h \0h}y8`
<P 2em"><FONT>Before the game</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>Prozorov was______</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>K)@9KM)^E
<P 2em"><FONT>A</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>surprised at the machine</FONT></P>S`W7K9xY{)@:|
<P 2em"><FONT>B</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>satisfied with the arrangenment</FONT></P>
"@] s%sqh t8t3_^ <P 2em"><FONT>C</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>in despair</FONT></P>(q K.L/yP
<P 2em"><FONT>D</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>hopeful of success</FONT></P>
n:I+U&z P2UpP <P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文章写的是比赛后的情况,赛前的心理状态只能根据已知信息推理。文中“</FONT><FONT>I should have beaten it for the sake ofmankind</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>but I just couldn</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">’</FONT><FONT>t win</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.”这一句表明他本来对人类击败计算机充满信心,再根据“</FONT><FONT>Prozorov</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">’</FONT><FONT>s disappointmentwas shared by several grand masters</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.”反证,他们在赛前满怀希望,结果却使他们沮丧不已,应选</FONT><FONT>D</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</FONT></P>
,IM _kj#J0BC <P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">还须注意,选项一般不涉及考生的知识面,也不测试语法水平,因此考生不能以自己的常识、观点来代替文章的意义作为前提,也不必在语法规则上寻找推理的前提,应努力在实践中进一步掌握推理技巧,提高解题能力。</FONT></P>

2006-1-30 12:16 woaixuexi
中心推测法。,m6e+e(JlG8[
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在阅读过程中要学会找代表文章或段落中心思想的句子,抓住中心,有助于我们理解文章或段落的大意。</FONT></P>:@V-g Xz-[
<P 2em"><FONT>1</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)主题句。</FONT></P>
/K;gt[P*f+FXN <P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">每个段落都围绕一个中心思想组织起来,而指明这个中心思想的句子就叫主题句。其他的部分为主题句提供论证、细节等。在阅读时,抓住段落中的主题句,也就抓住了这个段落的中心,纲举目张,就容易抓住这个段落的大意。一般来讲,主题句段落一般是在前面先说出段落的中心思想;有时先陈述用来支持主题句的内容,主题句在后;有时也可能在中间。看下面一段:</FONT></P>
Em,G.Z!p#ZgW <P 2em"><B><FONT>I had a miserable day today</FONT></B><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>My car wouldn</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">’</FONT><FONT>t start thismorning and I arrived half an hour late for an important ex</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</FONT><FONT>am</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><FONT>To top it off</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>Julie gave me the colder shoulder and Ihurt my leg on my way home</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>0@a G%B,p
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">该段中第一个句子就是主题句。后面的句子是支持句,为主题句提供细节,说明为什么“</FONT><FONT>I had a miseradle day today</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”。抓住了该段的主题句,就容易把握全段的内容了。</FONT></P>
c TGP!fzE$a:| <P 2em"><FONT>2</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)文章的标题。</FONT></P> X)pm `~ q
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文章的标题可以说成是文章的缩影,读者往往可以根据标题窥测全篇的主题和大致内容,从而做出符合作者意图的预测。通过文章的标题,先预测一下文章的有关内容,这将有助于提高理解能力和阅读速度。虽然标题的形式各异,但它们无不包含文章的主题、作者的立场和观点。</FONT></P>
(c Y8g:eR#YM <P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">另外注意文章的标题段(开头段和结尾段)也十分重要。一般来说,文章的开头总是要给读者指明一个大方向,引导读者读下去。结尾往往是对文章中心思想的总结,或给出一个符合逻辑的结论。阅读时,还要注意那些在段落中起关键作用的句子。</FONT></P>

2006-1-30 12:16 woaixuexi
标识语理解法。
J0b8}(wFf <P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在阅读中,我们还应学会利用在文章结构、层次中联系起来表示作者思想发展方向的词语——标识语。标识语犹如旅途上的路标,读者通过这些“路标”可以紧跟作者的思路,准确理解文章的信息,提高阅读的速度。</FONT></P>aZ w#meHc$K$]u
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">标识语的路标作用主要表现在下几个方面。</FONT></P>
z H+y _A9oTMW <P 2em"><FONT>1</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)列举事物,排列顺序。</FONT></P>$\,G2eL8^{&{^
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在文章中作者常常要把理由、论点、事实等一一列出。这类常见的标识主要有:</FONT><FONT>first</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</FONT><FONT>ly</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">),</FONT><FONT>second</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</FONT><FONT>ly</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">),</FONT><FONT>third</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</FONT><FONT>ly</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">),</FONT><FONT>final</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</FONT><FONT>ly</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>in the end</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>then</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>after that</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>next</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>last</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>in the first place</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>inthe second place</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>first of all</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>to begin with</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>to start with</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>fora start</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等等。例:</FONT></P>
SP%Da+]3Cg <P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①</FONT><FONT>In order to solve a problem you must follow at least three steps</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><B><FONT>First</FONT></B><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>you must identify the problem and acceptthe fact that it is a problem that needs to be solved</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><B><FONT>Next</FONT></B><FONT> you should explore possible solutions and analyse each one</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><B><FONT>Finally</FONT></B><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>after careful consideration you accept the solutionthat best fits your situation</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.三个步骤由</FONT><FONT>first</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>next</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>finally</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一一引出。</FONT></P>
6?t+O3jRe+q <P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②</FONT><FONT>I would not advise you to read that book because</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>in<B>the first place</B></FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>it is very difficult and</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><B><FONT>in the second place</FONT></B><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>itis rather dull</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.(首先……其次……)</FONT></P> n#C3|m9s.p
<P 2em"><FONT>2</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)表示意义的增补和引申。这类的标识语主要有:</FONT><FONT>fur</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</FONT><FONT>thermore</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>moreover</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>in addition</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</FONT><FONT>to</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">),</FONT><FONT>again</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>besides</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>similar-ly</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>equally</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>in the same way</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>likewise</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>what</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">’</FONT><FONT>s more</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等等。例:</FONT></P>;[t9KD+[,E `6E
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①</FONT><FONT>The house isn</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">’</FONT><FONT>t big enough for us</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>and <B>furthermore</B></FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>itis too far from the town</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>O4esE6W
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②</FONT><FONT>You must pack plenty of food for the journey</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><B><FONT>like</FONT></B><B><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</FONT><FONT>wise</FONT></B><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>you</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">’</FONT><FONT>ll need warm clothes</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>so pack them too</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>
D2p4gCswJ.XF <P 2em"><FONT>3</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)表示说明或举例,常见的有:</FONT><FONT>that is to say</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>namely</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>forexample</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>for instance</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>such as</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>in the words</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>in particular</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>particularly</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>specifically</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等等。如:</FONT></P>"m)w(O!t,b*H
<P 2em"><FONT>a</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</FONT><FONT>Susan is a good student</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><B><FONT>that is to say</FONT></B><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>she gets goodgrades in school</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.(这就是说……)</FONT></P>vVSf&J,oC0p(J)v4Mz
<P 2em"><FONT>b</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</FONT><FONT>There are jobs more dangerous than truck driving</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><B><FONT>for instance</FONT></B><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>training lions</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>

2006-1-30 12:17 woaixuexi
表示意义的转折和对比,准备引出相反的观点。这类标识语主要有:<FONT>but</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>still</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>yet</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>though</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>however</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>nevertheless</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>conversely</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>instead</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>on the contrary</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>on the other hand</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>incontrast</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>after all</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>for all that</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>all the same</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>otherwise</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>in themeantime</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>in spite of that</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等等。如:</FONT>AX+`v8xuK k
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①</FONT><FONT>Most people are afraid of snakes and consider all ofthem to be harmful</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><B><FONT>On the contrary</FONT></B><FONT> most snakes are helpfulbecause they eat rats</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>mice and insects</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT><B><FONT>However</FONT></B><FONT> somesnakes are poisonous and their bite can be fatal</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>D0^!C@4Vp w q e
<P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②</FONT><FONT>Food here is cheaper than that in Britain</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</FONT><FONT>clothing</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>onthe other hand</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>is dearer</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.(而……却……)</FONT></P>
H:VJkPI1whv <P 2em"><FONT>5</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)表示因果或推理。这类标识语主要有:</FONT><FONT>because</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>for this</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</FONT><FONT>that</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</FONT><FONT>reason</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>so</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>as a result</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>for</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>thus</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>therefore</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT> as</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT> since</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>consequently</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>in consequence</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>hence</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等等。例:</FONT></P>
`9rfN_)D-I2C)z$rM <P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①</FONT><FONT>He studied hard</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><B><FONT>thus</FONT></B><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>he got high marks</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</FONT></P>
~1Q8g4H0U f!l3\*e(S <P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②</FONT><FONT>He got thoroughly wet and</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>in consequence</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>he took abad cold</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.(因此……)</FONT></P>AoMB1g7K#t
<P 2em"><FONT>6</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)表示总结和概括,常用的标识语有:</FONT><FONT>in short</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>in brief</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>in a word</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>in conclution</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>to sum up</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等。例:</FONT></P>{2@XZ p
<P 2em"><FONT>John is smart</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>polite</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>and well</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</FONT><FONT>behaved</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>in a word</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</FONT><FONT>he isadmirable</FONT><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.(总之……)</FONT></P>
4U7?(vu^M <P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以上我们从几个方面举例说明了标识语的“路标”作用。在阅读时应当多注意文章结构中的标识语,逐渐养成习惯,见到什么样的“路标”,就大概知道下一步应往哪里走了。</FONT></P>
5B,b"f#R/Q'J!x,Y-X7_ <P 2em"><FONT style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">本节我们从六个方面谈了阅读的技巧,当然,阅读技巧远不止这些。我们通过阅读不仅要学习语言知识、语言规律、背景知识等,更重要的是通过阅读技巧学会阅读,从而尽快掌握好一门语言,为社会服务。</FONT></P>

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