英语论坛-英语麦当劳 » 英语问题区 » The English Learner`s Guide to Chinglish 中式英语之鉴

2006-2-28 10:33 tanlaoshi
The English Learner`s Guide to Chinglish 中式英语之鉴


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01.有他这颗扫帚星,什么事情都办不成。
"H:| xL'o E [误] With a comet like him, nothing can be accomplished.i jl0kCy3t4?+U
[正] With a jinx like him, nothing can be accomplished.
Jk5i-nCx5~g#OR 注:“扫帚星”是中国人对“慧星”(comet)的俗称,因其后面象拖着的一条像扫帚一样的长尾巴而得名。在中国古代,“扫帚星”被认为是灾难的预兆,并被用来比喻不吉利的人或事;祸根:(person or thing that is thought to bring)bad luck(to sb/sth);curse。英语的 comet 虽然没有这层含义,但却有一个对应的说法,即 jinx。 例:There's a jinx on/Someone's put a jinx on this car: it's always giving me trouble. “这辆汽车上有什么妨人的东西,总给我找麻烦”。 Ea(X+p9I
02.萝卜青菜,各有所爱。
!| K[!soXz [误] Some prefer radish but others prefer cabbage.
oN,Q*y#A0I]t9~\ [正] Tastes differ.*k~6u ]!r2B
注:Tastes differ/vary 是句英语谚语,除此以外,原句还可翻译成 No dish suits all tastes 或 You can never make everyone happy 等。《新概念英语》第三册第23课的标题是:One man's meat is another man's poison,表达的很生动。 总之,应采取意译。9\ NL e#Hj Pm
03.他一向嘴硬,从不认错。
9CD p:{7SC(q [误] He has always got a hard mouth and never admit a fault.
6Q:`{3T bii3m [正] He never says uncle.^`|x!\3MC l(Vd
注:say (cry) uncle: to give up or in; to surrender; to admit defeat. Mainly used by boys, as when fighting。主要是男孩们打架时的用语,当一方想制服另一方时,就用命令的口气说:“Say uncle!”这时,有的孩子为了表示不服输,就是不说。后来,say uncle 就成了“服输”的代名词,而 not say uncle 就相当于“嘴硬”了。
nc)q V F\ rH 04.老师很喜欢这个嘴甜的小姑娘。+q9v S)z*@Bh G\|
[误] The teacher likes this sweet-mouthed little girl very much.*|3|H2]$[,p\
[正] The teacher likes this honey-lipped little girl very much.$f8p6x,d.}N
注:中国人喜欢说“嘴甜”,但 honey-lipped 更符合英美人的语言习惯。
bWvTP 05.同学们都很讨厌他,因为他经常拍老师的马屁。
9B#R2r S!y;u%uMC [误] The student all dislike him because he often pats the teacher's ass.D]p(z x5KN6a
[正] The students all dislike him because he often licks the teacher's boots.
C1u N5aRI 注:以前在欧洲,臣民见到国王与王后往往要葡匐到在,亲吻他们的靴子。后来,人们将 lick the boots 引申为“为了某种目的而讨好某人”,它与汉语的“拍马屁”含义一样。在美国英语中,“拍马屁”还有另一种说法,即 polish the apple,它典出以前的学生用擦亮的苹果来讨好老师。

2006-2-28 10:33 tanlaoshi
<P><FONT color=#000000><FONT size=3><B>06</B>.你听说了吗?迈克把他的女朋友给甩了。<BR>[误] Have you ever heard that Mike broke up with his girlfriend.<BR>[正] Have you ever heard that Mike <FONT color=#ff0000>dumped</FONT> his girlfriend.</FONT></FONT></P>
~ a"w-_n^!{Z(q%v <P><FONT color=#000000 size=3>注:break up with sb. 虽然表示“与某人分手了”,但并没说明是谁先提出来的。而 dump 的原意指“倾倒垃圾”,用在这里则表示像倒垃圾一样地甩掉。</FONT></P>
j0O,T5L4L2f!` Q <P><FONT color=#000000><FONT size=3><B>07</B>.我们要把祖国建设成为社会主义的现代化强国。<BR>[误] We will build our motherland into a socialist modern powerful country.<BR>[正] We will build our motherland into <FONT color=#ff0000>a modern powerful socialist country</FONT>.</FONT></FONT></P>1eE_ @Ud6pk/I4]
<P><FONT color=#000000 size=3>注:形容词作为修饰语在汉语和英语中都很常用,但使用的先后次序却有所不同。在英语中我们一般遵循“靠近原则”,即越能说明本质属性的修饰词越靠近它所修饰的名词,当从这一点看不出区别时,就靠词的长短来决定,短的在前,长的在后。原文中最能说明“国家”本质的定语是“社会主义的”,所以 socialist 要最靠近它所修饰的中心词。</FONT></P>
T6IJ]\&Z1HLARF <P><FONT color=#000000><FONT size=3><B>08</B>.我想要一点白酒。<BR>[误] I'd like a little bit of white wine.<BR>[正] I'd like a little bit of <FONT color=#ff0000>liquor</FONT>.</FONT></FONT></P>
0p5^#~,uX?^S <P><FONT color=#000000 size=3>注:汉语的“酒”可指任何酒,包括白酒、葡萄酒、啤酒,甚至米酒;但英语中则要分别用 liquor,wine,beer及 rice wine表示。所以要注意,英语的wine与汉语的“酒”是有区别的,它仅指点葡萄酒。而且 red wine 是红葡萄酒,white wine 是白葡萄酒。</FONT></P>
7B8NZ;V.c <P><FONT color=#2b2bd5><FONT size=3><B>***此题待商榷。请参见</B>:</FONT></FONT><a href="http://www.rainlane.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=11&amp;ID=10536" target="_blank" ><FONT color=#2b2bd5 size=3>http://www.rainlane.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=11&amp;ID=10536</FONT></A><FONT color=#2b2bd5><FONT size=3> <B>***</B></FONT></FONT></P>#["T%_(Jv)F)XB
<P><FONT color=#000000><FONT size=3><B>09</B>.中华人民共和国主席<BR>[误] Chairman of the People's Republic of China<BR>[正] <FONT color=#ff0000>President</FONT> of the People's Republic of China</FONT></FONT></P>Q\a0F r
<P><FONT color=#000000 size=3>注:以前,我们一直将“主席”翻译为 chairman,例如:great leader Chairman Mao(伟大领袖毛主席)。其实“主席”与 chairman 并不等义,chairman 在英语中通常指会议或某一具体组织的负责人,它的权力和重要性不及中文的“主席”。这就是为什么1983年,在我国《宪法》的英译单行本中开始使用 President一词,并沿用至今。另外,国内仍有不少词典把“班/级长(学校的)”译为“class monitor”,这是“四人帮”时代的产物,那时的“班长”是专司监管学生的,所以译作“monitor”。而“班长”的正确译文应该是“class president”。</FONT></P>{1R?a'I!X]
<P><FONT size=3><FONT color=#000000><B>10</B>.转战南北<BR>[误] fight south and north<BR>[正] fight </FONT><FONT color=#ff0000>north and south</FONT></FONT></P>
0P;H'pL'LfM+EI#c <P><FONT color=#000000 size=3>注:在地理方位的表达习惯上,中英文有一定的区别。中国人习惯于先“东西”后“南北”,而且在涉及“南北”时,习惯于先说“南”,再说“北”,如:“南征北战”、“南来北往”等。而英美人与此正好相反,如“江苏在中国的东南部”英文是 Jiangsu is in the south-east of China, 而“新疆在中国的西北部”应译为 Xinjiang is in the north-west of China。</FONT></P>

2006-2-28 10:34 tanlaoshi
<P><B>11</B>.人都是这山望着那山高,对自己的现状没有满意的时候。<BR>[误] Almost all people think that the other mountain is higher than the one he's standing on. They never feel saisfied with what they've already got.<BR>[正] Almost all people think that <FONT color=#ff0000>the grass is greener on the other hill</FONT>. They never feel saisfied with what they've already got.</P>
[(fh/U|R1P2R ] <P>注:“这山望着那山高”是指人不满足于现状的心理,它在英语中已经有了现成的说法,即 the grass is greener on the other hill(他山的草更绿),因此我们借用即可,这样既方便又更有利于与西方人沟通。</P>y;_e rr2l'F6l+U
<P><B>12</B>.北京申奥成功的消息令我们热血沸腾。<BR>[误] Beijing's winning the bid for the Olympics makes our blood boil.<BR>[正] Beijing's winning the bid for the Olympics <FONT color=#ff0000>makes us excited</FONT>.</P>
(kplC@nv c <P>注:make one's blood boil 是指“激怒某人”,而非“使人激动”。英语中“使人激动”的说法除了 make one excited,还有较为口语化的 make one's spine tingle。</P>/~p3vy*BJh
<P><B>13</B>.别听他们胡说八道,根本就没那回事。<BR>[误] Don't listen to their babbling. Nothing of the sort.<BR>[正] <FONT color=#ff0000>Don't be fooled by their babbling</FONT>. Nothing of the sort.</P>vy Roq6q]]
<P>注:原文中的“听”不能用 listen to 来表示,因为 listen to 指“听”的动作,而原文中的“别听”不是不让他“听”,而是劝告他“不要听信”,因此,用 not be fooled by 才更达意。</P>(D$nm`*|5e$\
<P><B>14</B>.我们这儿的人都觉得他有婚外恋。<BR>[误] Pepple around here all feel that he has affairs outside his own marriage.<BR>[正] Pepple around here all feel that he is <FONT color=#ff0000>leading a double life</FONT>.</P>qcFv,st
<P>注:affair 本身就指“私通”或“暧昧关系”,当然是“婚外”的事,所以 outside one's own marriage 无疑是多此一举了。英语中“有婚外恋”的地道说法应该是 lead a double life。</P>&F9Oo+pb
<P><B>15</B>.别看别人不把她当回事,在家里她可是父亲的掌上明珠。<BR>[误] Although other people never take her seriousy, she is the pearl on her father's hand at home.<BR>[正] Although other people never take her seriousy, she is <FONT color=#ff0000>the apple of her father's eye</FONT> at home.</P>
;O1`b&L.Rd <P>注:中英文常用不同的喻体表明相同的喻义,“掌上明珠”与 the apple of one's eye 就是一个很好的例子。这种情况我们一般应尊重各国文化和习俗,翻译时取目的语的固定说法,而不必直译,这有助于将意思更有效地传达给读者。the apple of one's eye 源自圣经《旧约》,当时人们用 apple 指人的瞳孔。尽管瞳孔现在已经用 pupil 来表示,不再是 apple 了,但这一用法却延续了下来。</P>

2006-2-28 10:34 tanlaoshi
<P><B>16</B>.都十点钟了。起床了,懒虫!<BR>[误] It's ten o'clock. Get up, lazy worm!<BR>[正] It's ten o'clock. Get up, <FONT color=#ff0000>lazy bones</FONT>!</P>
cx!YfJ'Jrg#[2RQ <P>注:“懒虫”并非真是一条虫,只不过被用来形容人很懒惰罢了。英语里与之对应的说法是 lazy bones(懒骨头)。注意,这里的 bone 应以复数形式出现,也许是因为不会只有一根骨头懒吧!</P>+H'kV#qWK
<P><B>17</B>.我唯一的资本就是勤奋。<BR>[误] My only capital is diligence.<BR>[正] My <FONT color=#ff0000>only means to success is diligence</FONT>.</P>
-I+dTd&o(R%A <P>注:原文的“资本”是借喻,实际指“可以依靠并取得成功的手段”。而英语的 capital 指 money used to produce more wealth or for starting a business,并没有中文那样的引申意思。所以,这里的“资本”不能与 capital 画等号。也有人用 advantage 来翻译“资本”,虽然不尽意,但至少可以让读者理解。</P>
\E9@'f*rAg!]3H7@ <P><B>18</B>.这家商店开辟了休息处,受到顾客的称赞。<BR>[误] This department store has set up a resting-place, much to the customers' appreciation.<BR>[正] This department store has set up <FONT color=#ff0000>a lounge</FONT>, much to the customers' appreciation.</P>
'yj&]GGK ?GLZ <P>注:英语的 resting-place 虽然有“休息处”的意思,但更经常的是用来指“坟墓”,即“最后安息之处”。因此,把公共场所的“休息处”译为 resting-place 不很合适。也有人将它译为 rest-room,但那更不妥当,因为英语中的 rest-room 是“厕所”的委婉说法,而“休息处”不是这个意思。</P>CFV&Ci$VZ M3o
<P><B>19</B>.大家都怀疑汤姆是个间谍。<BR>[误] Everyone doubts that Tom is a spy.<BR>[正] Everyone <FONT color=#ff0000>suspects</FONT> that Tom is a spy.</P>
W:mp]/d;A <P>注:doubt 作“怀疑”讲,是“不相信”的意思;而 suspect 作“怀疑”讲,是指“对...有所察觉”。第一句译文犯了两个错误:首先,doubt 不能接 that 从句,只有not doubt that 和 doubt if/whether;其次,它所表达的意思是“大家对汤姆是间谍这件事表示怀疑”,即“大家不相信汤姆是间谍”,与原文的意思恰好相反。</P>;n)d;q {qn'X
<P><B>20</B>. 我们俩关系最好,他经常来我这儿蹲饭吃。<BR>[误] We are best friends. He always comes here to have meals for free.<BR>[正] We are best friends. He always comes here <FONT color=#ff0000>to bum meals off me</FONT>.</P>-Ya7w l&D!Q:N"bE
<P>注:第一句只表明“他常到我这儿来白吃白喝”,但朋友这间那种亲密关系没有体现出来。而 bum sth. off sb. 指向非常熟的朋友要一些不起眼的小东西,而朋友也不会介意还不还。</P>

2006-2-28 10:36 tanlaoshi
<P><B>21</B>. 这个教授教得很烂。<BR>[误] The professor teaches badly.<BR>[正] The professor is <FONT color=#ff0000>so terrible</FONT>.</P>~4tnJ)P
<P>注:有人认为第二句的意思是“这个教授很可怕”,其实不然。英语中 terible 意思很灵活,例如:feel terrible 指身体“不舒服”; The food is terrible 则是说食物“难吃极了”。而第一句纯属中文式的表达。</P>FY8[C6JP)Ir
<P><B>22</B>. 我希望你不要拖我的后腿。 <BR>[误] I hope that you won't pull my leg. <BR>[正] I hope that you won't <FONT color=#ff0000>hold me back</FONT>. </P>
T1T,\g;t <P>注:pull one's leg 是“愚弄某人,开某人的玩笑”的意思,相当于 make fun of sb.。英语中与“拖后腿”相对应的表达是 hold sb. back 或 be a drag on sb. 等。</P>
-ZLo0i&pni KG <P><B>23</B>. 学校里,那些长得人高马大的家伙常来找我的麻烦。 <BR>[误] At school, those big and strong guys always come to find my trouble. <BR>[正] At school, those big and strong guys always come to <FONT color=#ff0000>pick on me</FONT>. </P>zmu} cq%pr,U
<P>注:find my trouble 是“发现我的难处”的意思,而英语中“找某人的麻烦”用短语 pick on sb. 它不仅表示“挑剔某人、找某人的碴”,而且还包含 tease(取笑、戏弄)或 bully(威胁、欺侮)的意思。</P>
/@n F1R~Zt2lA <P><B>24</B>. 原来如此。一经你解释我就明白了。 <BR>[误] So it is. I understand soon after your explanation. <BR>[正] <FONT color=#ff0000>So that's how it is</FONT>. I understand soon after your explanation. </P>
k6Wv xH.|l <P>注:So it is 的意思是“的确如此”,它是用来表示对对方观点的赞同的。例如:<BR>A: It is a fine day today!<BR>B: So it is.<BR>而在表达恍然大悟时,英文要用 So that's how it is 或 So that explains it, 或更简单地道的说法 Oh, I see.</P>"OxPMHj7Z"n
<P><B>25</B>. 先生,您是不是迷路了?<BR>[误] Hello, monsieur, get lost?<BR>[正] Hello, monsieur, <FONT color=#ff0000>got lost</FONT>?</P>
Y _%A*U"I f*BN <P>注:这两句译文表面上看只是时态上存在差异,其实它们的含义也截然不同。get lost 是俚语:“走开,别捣乱”的意思,got lost才是“迷路”。难怪当你友好地问外宾 "Get lost?"时,他并不领情呢!</P>
Cov_jI;] <P>Please see:                                      <BR><a href="http://www.rainlane.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=8&amp;id=13364&amp;star=1#65796" target="_blank" ><FONT color=#000000>http://www.rainlane.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=8&amp;id=13364&amp;star=1#65796</FONT></A></P>w+F7e7mmEp&|
<P>(1) get lost!: go away</P>
(ayr9dD)t}?%Z4]a <P>"I wish he'd get lost and stop bothering me. I don't want to talk to him!"</P>"b~A$m#_Gn
<P>---Dennis Oliver's Idioms: <BR>   <a href="http://www.eslcafe.com/idioms/id-g.html" target="_blank" ><FONT color=#000000>http://www.eslcafe.com/idioms/id-g.html</FONT></A></P>
aZ^"C*e(G#w&cm <P>(2) Get lost! INFORMAL<BR>used to tell someone forcefully and quite rudely to go away:<BR>Tell him to get lost!</P>5X4h!jh5ly So
<P>(from Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary)<BR>  <a href="http://dictionary.cambridge.org/define.asp?dict=CALD&amp;key=47316" target="_blank" ><FONT color=#000000>http://dictionary.cambridge.org/define.asp?dict=CALD&amp;key=47316</FONT></A></P>I A5kM'I;t7IYt.Z;n
<P>(3)《英汉大词典》p.1055:<BR>We got lost in the woods. 我们在森林中迷路了。</P>
Ay+XLY <P>(4) 张道真《现代英语用法词典》p.820-821:<BR>He lost his bearing(迷失方向)in the strange city.</P> M+i uG z.r3A'U
<P>(5) 在...中迷路,迷失在...<BR>We were lost in the forest.<BR>We are lost in the woods.</P>
@1[:N7}F"}&@ [#u <P>* lost one'e way 迷路<BR>She had lost her way.<BR>Don't lost your way in the storm.</P>
(S~WY;~|XE#H <P>(6)《汉英大词典》上海交大版;金山词霸2005:<BR>均收录了 get lost 为“迷路”;而“金山词霸2005”把“get lost”和“got lost”均列为“迷路”。但都没有例句。</P>]lVq-n&Oi!{0],u
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>有关迷路的常见说法:</FONT><BR>1)  to get lost(常用)<BR>I wouldn't have gotten lost, if I had asked for directions.<BR>要是我问过路,就不至于迷路了。</P>f'\{mP
<P>2)  to lost one's way(正式)<BR>The child had lost his way.<BR>那个小孩迷路了。</P>
2c$v uz9q <P>3) to take the wrong road(不常用)<BR>Finally we found ourselves having taken the wrong road.<BR>最后,我们发觉我们迷路了。</P>)f"zWdfP
<P>4)  to go the wrong way(常用)<BR>I am afraid we are going the wrong way.<BR>恐怕我们走错路了。</P>
3h5^.^-T jXe7] <P>5)  so lose one's bearings(正式)<BR>One might lose his bearings in an unfamiliar place.<BR>一个人在不熟悉的地方最容易迷路。</P>
)m|-i0nS P;Jt <P>6)  can't find one's way(常用)<BR>They went on in the desert until at last they couldn't find their way.<BR>他们在沙漠里继续走,直到他们最后迷了路。</P>
+y;M c(jMY8}y <P>7)  to stray(正式)<BR>They strayed in the woods.<BR>他们在森林中迷路了。</P>l)t P)K$p@!N
<P>(to go astray:走入迷途,走上歧途)</P>!heBXwO dq Q|
<P>Today I came across <EM><B>get lost</B></EM> in <EM><FONT color=#0000ff>The Invisible Man</FONT></EM> ---H. G. Wells:<BR>"I'm not trying to run away, I swear," protested Marvel tearfully. "I don't know these roads and I don't want to <FONT color=#ff0000>get lost</FONT>."<BR></P>

2006-2-28 10:36 tanlaoshi
<P><B>26</B>. 我没料到这个无耻的女人居然同她好友的丈夫调情。<BR>[误] I had not expected that this shameful woman should flirt with her best friend's husband.<BR>[正] I had not expected that this <FONT color=#ff0000>shameless</FONT> woman should flirt with her best friend's husband.</P>S y^c,e'v-dA
<P>注:shameful 通常指某事物是“可耻的,丢脸的”,而 shameless 表示 having or showing no feeling of shame; immodest or impudent,它一般用来指人“不知羞耻的,不要脸的”或“伤风败俗的”。原文也可译为:It's shameful that the woman should flirt with her best friend's husband.</P>
2Y#j@Q \ <P><B>27</B>. 东施效颦。<BR>[误] Doingshi imitates Xishi.<BR>[正] <FONT color=#ff0000>The ugly imitates the beautiful in such a distorted way that the ugliness of the ugly becomes worse</FONT>.</P>
(hB-gS0o7{Z5u3_*o <P>注:把原文按照字面意思直译过来,恐怕只有中国人能够理解。要想让外国人明白这个中国成语,就要对译文进行解释性加工了。同样,“情人眼里出西施”不是 Xishi is in the eye of the beholder,而是 Beauty is in the eye of the beholder。</P>
u_ J/B7z <P><B>28</B>. 你不好好学习,还想去牛津上大学。这可真是个不切实际的幻想哟!<BR>[误] You don't study hard, yet you want to go to Oxford. What an impractical illusion!<BR>[正] You don't study hard, yet you want to go to Oxford. <FONT color=#ff0000>What an illusion</FONT>!</P>
S,Q W p!y3TFB'j+NN%m <P>注:汉语中的修饰语往往用的很多,目的在于加强语气,但这种表达习惯在翻译时必须进行处理。illusion 本身就有 impractical 的含义,而英语中在表意已经很明确的情况下是无需重复的。</P>T lVK psh|+_
<P><B>29</B>. 想让他答应这样的要求恐怕不大可能。<BR>[误] I'm afraid it is impossible for him to agree to such a request.<BR>[正] I'm afreaid it is <FONT color=#ff0000>unlikely</FONT> for him to agree to such a request.</P>"Fgh&`.yA!o hAF
<P>注:impossible 表示“完全不可能”,所以与原文有出入。在英语中,probable 表示的可能性最大,其次是 possible,再次是 likely。而常用的句式为 it is probable/possible/likely for sb. to do sth.,或 sb. be likely to do sth.。</P>*u'p)JF M8L-AL
<P><B>30</B>. 一群蚂蚁<BR>[误] a group of ants<BR>[正] <FONT color=#ff0000>a colony of</FONT> ants</P>"fQ.` ?"F
<P>注:表示群体时,group 通常指人或物,而 colony 才指生物群体。</P>
q vn/f7dm(EB\QI <P><FONT color=#1a1ae6>The Chinglish Files have been featured in the U.K. newspaper "The Telegraph" and on the BBC radio program "The World Today."</FONT></P>
*?a'A4Xh}K <P><FONT color=#1a1ae6>Chinglish: The humorous version of English that appears (often in instructions for assembling or using products) after a translation from the original Chinese (or any other language) fails to come across in "normal" English.</FONT></P>!I `(p];MT { O:|
<P><FONT color=#1a1ae6>The term Chinglish is a fusion of the "Chin" from Chinese and the "glish" from English. Chinglish is not a racist or bigoted term and should not be taken as such. If anything, The Chinglish Files are a way of poking fun at how difficult our flawed English language can be to translate at times. It is not intended as a dig at the intelligence or linguistic capabilities of other nations. Anyway, that's enough "serious" discussion already... time for some fun:</FONT></P>
\*tx(x%R a3p <P><FONT color=#1a1ae6>(a * indicates the more popular featured pieces of Chinglish - The newest pieces of Chinglish are at the bottom of the page)</FONT></P>

2006-2-28 11:19 tanlaoshi
<P><B>31</B>. 最近的人口统计显示中国人口已超过12亿。<BR>[误] The latest census shows that China's population has surpassed 1.2 billion.<BR>[正] The latest census shows that China's population  <FONT color=#ff0000>exceeds</FONT> 1.2 billion.</P>jNwC9[d}2j-v
<P>注:surpass 和 exceed 译成中文虽然都是“超过,胜过”的意思,但出现具体数字时要用后者。</P>
HHe4L'i <P><B>32</B>. 我每天都要在网吧里呆上10个小时,是个不折不扣的网虫。<BR>[误] I spend 10 hours in the net bar every day, and I am indeed a net bug.<BR>[正] I spend 10 hours in the net bar every day, and I am indeed <FONT color=#ff0000>a netter</FONT>.</P>+S*T| pb)~P
<P>注:“网虫”要是直译成 net bug,很容易使人联想到计算机病毒,如:the millennium bug(“千年虫”病毒)。所以,英语中与之相应的说法是 netter/nettle。在《剑桥国际英语词典》里,对 netter/nettle 的解释是:regular user of Internet, perhaps one who spends too much time in this occupation。nethead 和“网虫”的意思差不多,它表示“网痴,网迷”;而 netizen 则可以用来指所有的网民,尤其是互联网的用户,它是由 net(网络)和 citizen(公民)组合而成的。还有一个时髦的词是 netsurfer,即“网上冲浪者”。</P> m e[5\{-Fb3IoI
<P><B>33</B>. 每次考试来临的时候,约翰就变成了一只夜猫子,但这并不是一个好的学习方法。<BR>[误] John becomes a night cat every time the examination is coming. However, this is not a good way to learn.<BR>[正] John becomes <FONT color=#ff0000>a night owl</FONT> every time the examination is coming. However, this is not a good way to learn.</P>
U/i _wjTT <P>注:owl 是“猫头鹰”的意思,即一种深夜不睡,睁一只眼,闭一只眼,准备随时捕捉田鼠的动物。英语中用 night owl 来比喻经常熬夜的人,就像我们习惯用“夜猫子”一样。不论叫你“夜猫子”还是 a night owl,“开夜车”(burn the midnight oil)总是免不了的。</P>
7G{4h {5}R <P><B>34</B>. 现如今,由于出国深造的人越来越多,“海龟(归)派”也不像原来那样吃香了。<BR>[误] Nowadays as more and more people study abroad, the overseas students are not so popular as before.<BR>[正] Nowadays as more and more people study abroad, the <FONT color=#ff0000>returnees</FONT> are not so popular as before.</P>
-TMl2uHcY,VC af <P>注:“海龟(归)派”是指那些在国外留学以后又回来的人,是个非常形象的新名词。但 overseas student 是指正在国外学习的“留学生”,意思正好相反,所以要换成 returnee。这个词本身就包含在海外学习过的意思。</P>
u'S2`kq!w} <P><B>35</B>. 在皎洁的月光下,那个花花公子在我耳边悄悄说着情话。<BR>[误] The playboy whispered love words to my ear with a bright moon in the sky.<BR>[正] The playboy whispered <FONT color=#ff0000>sweet nothings</FONT> to my ear with a bright moon in the sky.</P>PB5Q[3Gi:g,p
<P>注: 因为“情书”是 love letter,“情歌”是 love song,所以不少人以为“情话”就应该是 love words,其实并非如此。英语中“情话”常用 lovers'prattle 或 sweet nothings 来表达。prattle 有“孩子话,废话”的意思,所以 lovers' prattle 指“恋人之间孩子气的废话”;sweet nothings 更是一目了然,有“甜蜜而不中用”的意思。</P>

2006-2-28 11:19 tanlaoshi
<P><B>36</B>. 比尔.盖茨平均每天工作15个小时,他简直就是一个工作狂。<BR>[误] Bill Gates works 15 hours a day on average, and he is crazy about his work.<BR>[正] Bill Gates works 15 hours a day on average, and he is <FONT color=#ff0000>a workaholic</FONT>.</P>;t+qIj6v$^ Z
<P>注: crazy 虽然可以作“疯狂的,狂热的”讲,但 be crazy about/on sth. 的意思却是“热衷于...,对...着迷”;be crazy for 也不行,因为它表示“渴望(某物);迷恋(某人)”。可见,它们都与“工作狂”有一定区别。而 workaholic 是从 alcoholic(嗜酒成癖者)派生出来的,表示像酗酒者离不开酒精一样地离不开工作。现在人们将 -holic 作为一个后缀,表示“对...上瘾,嗜好...成癖”,并构成了许多新词。例如:movie-holic(嗜好电影成癖的人),telehokic(看电视成癖的人)等。</P>
!U0J-s+jdx1y-Y,C <P><B>37</B>. 给这们女士来杯威士忌,记在我的账上。<BR>[误] Whisky for this lady, and put it on my bill.<BR>[正] Whisky for this lady, and put it on my <FONT color=#ff0000>tab</FONT>.</P>
@ eu-W(E!T+Kq{HP2v <P>注: 我们可以说 Could we have the bill, please? (请给我们账单好吗?)或 pay the bill(埋单),但“记在某某的账上”却不用 bill,而要用 put...on one's tab 表示。tab 是“小纸片”的意思,因为过去小店的生意都是靠住在附近的老主顾,赊账时有发生,于是老板们通常把每个人的赊账情况记在各自的小纸片上,也就是 put...on one's tab,以防遗忘。渐渐地,该词组就成了一种习惯用法。</P>
:F{Z&DN8Sz{ <P><B>38</B>. 哈罗得挥金如土,没有一点积蓄。<BR>[误] Harold spends money like dirt, and has no savings.<BR>[正] Harold <FONT color=#ff0000>spends money like water</FONT>, and has no savings.</P>
P)i6m,u%aB <P>注: 英国是一个岛国,离不开水;而我们中国的许多地区深处内陆,人们的生活离不开土地。所以,英语中有许多习语与“水”有关,而汉语却常常拿“土”作比。这就是为什么同样是比喻花钱浪费,大手大脚,英语是 spend money like water,而汉语却是“挥金如土”。此外,英语中还有很多有关船和水的习语,例如:rest on one's oars(暂时歇一歇),keep one's head above water(奋力图存),be all at sea(不知所措)等等。</P>wu9v N'V&Cq!R
<P><B>39</B>. 这只表的价钱很贵。<BR>[误] The price of the watch is dear.<BR>[正] <FONT color=#ff0000>The watch is dear. <FONT color=#000000>/</FONT>The price of the watch is high</FONT>.</P>
| ` npFD8o <P>注: 以物品为主语时用 dear 或 cheap,以定价为主语时就说 high 或 low.</P>
-j)P6m {;fX <P><B>40</B>. 昨天晚上我们玩得很愉快。<BR>[误] We played very pleasantly last night.<BR>[正] We <FONT color=#ff0000>enjoyed ourselves very much</FONT> last night./ We <FONT color=#ff0000>had a good time</FONT> last night.</P>;t7^6iu Z
<P>注: 玩牌,打球,演戏之类就用 play,汉语这儿说的玩是指度过一个愉快的时候,最好译成 enjoy oneself 或 have a good time.</P>

2006-2-28 11:20 tanlaoshi
<P><B>41</B>. 她和男朋友吵了一架,冒着大雨跑了出去。<BR>[误] She quarreled with his boyfriedn and ran out in the big rain.<BR>[正] She quarreled with his boyfriedn and ran out <FONT color=#ff0000>in the heavy rain</FONT>.</P>4k8H9h~-S0u|3v q
<P>注: 汉语中的“大”可以修饰很多名词,如“大风”、“大浪”、“湿气大”等,但在英语里却不能一一对应。例如,“大雨”就不能译成 big rain,因为那会被人误以为是雨点大,而不是雨大。英美人形容雨大习惯用“重”(heavy),heary rain(大雨),heavy clouds(云雾大),heavy moisture(潮气大)等,这也许是因为他们认为有些事物用重量来衡量比用体积更好吧。</P> ]0L \5QF,o2F
<P><B>42</B>. 歌迷们冲进演员休息室,抢着同凯莉.米纳合影。<BR>[误] The fans rushed into the rest room trying to take photos with Kylie Minogue.<BR>[正] The fans rushed into the <FONT color=#ff0000>greenroom</FONT> trying to take photos with Kylie Minogue.</P>I$MC/@M7x
<P>注: 伦敦西区的特鲁街剧院是英国最古老的剧院,据说为了让演员们长时间处于舞台强烈灯光照射下的眼睛得到休息,那里的演员休息室被漆成了绿色。后来,greenroom 就逐渐成了“(剧场)演员休息室”的代名词。而 rest room 可不是这个意义上的“休息室”,它其实是“厕所”的一种委婉说法。</P>
"F8e5T/y0[eg <P><B>43</B>. 我感到很痛。<BR>[误] I am painful.<BR>[正] I <FONT color=#ff0000>feel</FONT> great pain.</P>*h*RP^&PT`
<P>注:“我感到高兴”是 I am happy,“我感到累了”是 I'm tired,但“我感到很痛”却不是 I am painful。因为 painful 表示“使人痛苦的,让人疼痛或讨厌的”,它的主语往往不是人,而是事物或人体的某个部位,如:The foot is painful(脚痛),The lessons are painful(教训是惨痛的)等。所以没有 I am painful 这个说法,如果你非要这样说,别人会以为你全身带电或浑身长刺,别人碰了你就会疼,是你让别人痛苦,而不是你自己痛苦。</P>hX7c$YCCV4A
<P><B>44</B>. 亚洲四小龙。<BR>[误] the Four Little Dragons of Asia<BR>[正] the Four Little <FONT color=#ff0000>Tigers</FONT> of Asia</P>
7tw*Uf"y~W%cj <P>注: 在我国古代传说中,龙是降雨和惩治妖魔鬼怪的神奇动物,是吉祥和力挽狂澜的象征。很多汉语成语与“龙”有关,如“龙飞凤舞”、“龙凤呈祥”、“藏龙卧虎”等,而且多为褒义词。但如果把“四小龙”直译成英文却不行,因为西方人对“龙”的联想和看法与中国人完全不同。“龙”(dragon)在西方是贬义词,是邪恶的免征,西方人不会理解为什么要把亚洲经济的四个强国说成“四个小魔鬼”,所以要用 tiger 进行替换。在西方人眼里,tiger “是朝气蓬勃、坚忍不拔、努力奋斗、充满希望”的免征,所以用 tiger 才能准确表达原文的意思。</P>
e9r[/o#Qq <P><B>45</B>. 百里挑一。<BR>[误] one in a hundred<BR>[正] <FONT color=#ff0000>one in a thousand</FONT></P>
kf5O:g i-M5U[}Q <P>注: “百里挑一”常被用来形容“很特别,很出众”或“与众不同”,one in a thousand 也有相同的含义。但值得注意的是,汉语用“百”,而英语则以十倍于百的 thousand 来夸张。同样,汉语的“十分感谢”或“万分感谢”,英语则说 a thousand thanks(千分感谢)或 thanks a million times(百万次的感谢)。可见,英语比汉语要夸张。这也许反映了两个民族不同的思维方式:中国人崇尚中庸之道,凡事避免走极端,即使夸大其词也不太过火;而英美人追求标新立异和充分考虑表现自我,这在语言中自然也有体现。</P>

2006-2-28 11:21 tanlaoshi
<P><B>46</B>. 周末许多人睡得很晚。<BR>[误] Many people sleep late at weekends.<BR>[正] Many people <FONT color=#ff0000>go to bed</FONT> very late at weekends.</P>
+GF!Ajm,h8t,]:G <P>注: 第一句译文错在没弄懂 sleep 的真正含义。英语动词有短暂动词和持续动词之分,它们分别表示短暂动作和持续的动作或状态。sleep 是典型的持续动词,表示“在睡觉”。而汉语的“睡”既可表示“上床睡觉”的短暂动作,如:我昨天11点才睡;也可以表示“在睡觉”的持续动作和状态,如:他睡了整整10个小时。原文属于前一种情况,即表示“上床睡觉”的短暂动作,故应该使用 go to bed。</P>
wL_~8Y6~E-Sn <P><B>47</B>. 干杯!要一饮而尽。<BR>[误] ---Cheers! Bottom up.<BR>[正] ---Cheers! <FONT color=#ff0000>Bottoms</FONT> up.</P>nb?D!FH
<P>注: bottoms up 虽然只比 bottom up 多一个 s,但是两个词组的意思却相差十万八千里。bottoms up 里的 bottom 是指“(酒杯的)底部”,那么杯朝天就是“一饮而尽”的意思,而且因为干杯时肯定不止一人一饮而尽,所以要用复数;而 bottom up 表示“屁股朝天”。</P>3]+E"V5~ d]l
<P><B>48</B>. 这个任务很危险,但总得有人去冒险。<BR>[误] The task is really dangerous. But someone has to take the adventure.<BR>[正] The task is really dangerous. But someone has to <FONT color=#ff0000>bell the cat</FONT>.</P>%EN+n Gg v[!U
<P>注: adventure 指军事历险、探险旅行等惊险活动或投机活动。而 bell the cat 源自一个故事:一窝老鼠想在猫脖子上套一个铃铛,这样猫一来他们就会听到,并及时逃命。但主意虽好,却苦于没人去套这个铃铛(bell the cat)。后来,bell the cat 被人们反复引用,表示“为大家的事去承担风险”,并成了表示原文意思最贴切的英语习语。</P>;@`Fc7v{ t6\
<P><B>49</B>. 一辆白色轿车前来接新郎新娘去教堂。<BR>[误] A white car turned up to take the groom and the bride to the church.<BR>[正] A white car turned up to take <FONT color=#ff0000>the bride and the groom</FONT> to the church.</P>Y Z/z,DP~(z`V#TX(J
<P>注: 汉英两种语言均有各自固定的词序,因此,在翻译时要根据各自的语言习惯进行适当的调整,此处就是一个很好的例子。之所以将新娘放在前面,也许是西方文化中“女士优先”的又一体现吧!又如:“衣食住行”译成英语是 food, clothing, shelter and transportation; 同样,“左顾右盼”翻译成 look right and left。</P>
um2r ]FU <P><B>50</B>. 你去弄些水来。<BR>[误] Go and bring some water.<BR>[正] Go and <FONT color=#ff0000>fetch</FONT> some water.</P>
` m8r)`![[N <P>注: bring 虽然表示“带来”,但它是让某人在来的时候将某物带来(但说话时人还没来);而 fetch 则是让身边的某人“去取某物”,它包括往返的两段路程。</P>

2006-2-28 11:21 tanlaoshi
<P><B>51</B>. 嘿,小伙子,千万别灰心。<BR>[误] Hey, lad, don't lose your heart.<BR>[正] Hey, lad, don't <FONT color=#ff0000>lose heart</FONT>.</P>.e.sAQ1^&C
<P>注: lose one's heart (to sb.) 是“心被...俘虏去,爱上...”的意思,而 lose heart 才表示“灰心丧气,丧失勇气或信心”。</P>
"yA3i({)am <P><B>52</B>. IBM公司一直处在电脑行业的前沿。<BR>[误] IBM is always in the front line of computer industry.<BR>[正] IBM is always <FONT color=#ff0000>at the cuttting edge</FONT> of computer insustry.</P>
cQ0B K*o)l`D1@ <P>注: front line 是“前线,第一线”的意思,常指最危险或最艰苦的地方。例如:Many doctors are in the front line of the fighting against SARS(许多医生战斗在抗击“非典”的第一线)。at the cutting edge 最早出现在20世纪50年代,它最初指“锐器的锋利部位”,现在常隐喻“处在(高科技的)最前沿。</P>O G)M0Jc:VRM
<P><B>53</B>. 一位有经验的教师曾经说,上课之前他觉得如临大敌,上课时他是<FONT color=#2b2bd5>如履薄冰</FONT>,只有上完课后他才会如释重负。<BR>[误] An experienced teacher once said that before class he felt as if faced with a formidable enemy, in class he felt like walking on ice, and only after class would he feel relieved.<BR>[正] An experienced teacher once said that before class he felt as if faced with a formidable enemy, in class he felt like <FONT color=#ff0000>walking on eggs</FONT>, and only after class would he feel relieved.</P>&b*j"n~/[kh j
<P>注: 中文的“如履薄冰”是比喻一个人“做事十分小心谨慎或战战兢兢”,而英语的类似说法却是 walk on eggs 或 tread on eggs,要注意中英文喻体的不同。</P>
4~ Pe+eE5L[d7D <P><B>54</B>. 我有一个舒适的家。<BR>[误] I have a cozy family.<BR>[正] I have <FONT color=#ff0000>a cozy home</FONT>.</P>@r*G2p3BS&I
<P>注: family 和 home 虽然翻译成汉语时都是“家”,但它们在英语中却不是同义词。family 主要指家庭成员;而 home 主要指居住地,即“住宅”。原文中用“舒适的”来修饰“家”,显然是指“舒适的房子”。如果原文是“我有一个和睦的家”,就应该翻译成 I have a harmonious family 了。</P>*lc#sb_tt$zl)[
<P><B>55</B>. 每节课老是都会点名。<BR>[误] The teacher will call our names in every period of class.<BR>[正] The teacher will <FONT color=#ff0000>call the roll</FONT> in every period of class.</P>
$ULc2r"]s#@ H8a <P>注: 英语的“点名”是 call the roll,而 call one's name(s)的意思是“谩骂某人”。rool 有“名册”的意思,又如:remove sb.'s name from the rool(把某人除名)。</P>

2006-2-28 11:21 tanlaoshi
<P><B>56</B>. 我的学习很忙。<BR>[误] My study is very busy.<BR>[正] <FONT color=#ff0000>I am very busy with my study</FONT>.</P>h0D;K*^u?7MA6C
<P>注:第一句译文完全套用汉语的结构和语序,却犯了英文的句法错误。因为在英语中,study(学习)是一个行为,并不懂得忙不忙,感到忙的应是进行这一行为的人。所以,be busy with sth. 或 be busy (in) doing sth. 才是地道的英语表达。</P>D4f^#I{4Ba
<P><B>57</B>. 给他当二把手我看也值得。他太能干了。<BR>[误] I feel it worth being a second hand to him. He is so capable.<BR>[正] I feel it worth <FONT color=#ff0000>playing second fiddle</FONT> to him. He is so capable.</P>
3q2R)d&{0X~+F <P>注:英语的 second hand 作名词指“中间人”、“旧货”或“助手工人”,而汉语的“二把手”是“副手”,即“第二负责人”的意思,所以二者不是一回事。play second fiddle 则源于管弦乐队中第一提琴手(first violin)不在的时候由第二提琴手负责,并被人们引申为“当主要领导人的副手”,也就是我们所说的“当第二把手”。由此,不难猜出“当一把手”译成英语应该是 paly first fiddle了。</P>
/OCVy:sA&md[ <P><B>58</B>. 电车上十分拥挤,几乎没有立足之地。<BR>[误] The tram was so crowded that there was hardly sufficient room for you. <BR>[正] The tram was so crowded that there was <FONT color=#ff0000>scarcely</FONT> sufficient room for you.</P>P1Ln?3oM6\*n4?
<P>注:副词 hardly 和 scarcely 虽然都含有“几乎不”等否定含义,有些时候也可以互换,如:I could hardly/scarcely recognize her(我几乎认不出她来了),但仍有细微的差异。如在强调数量“不足”时只能用 scarcely,这时它常与 enough、sufficient等词连用。</P>
gOe-B p5B <P><B>59</B>. 他被戴上了绿帽子。<BR>[误] He is made to wear a green hat.<BR>[正] He is <FONT color=#ff0000>a cuckold</FONT>.</P>(S@"I9mg-p
<P>注:中文的“戴绿帽子”是指某人之妻与他人私通,但直译成英文西方人只会按字面意思理解为“某人头上被戴了顶绿色的帽子”,无论如何也不会理解汉语的喻义。而英语的 cuckold 是指“奸妇的丈夫”(a man whose wife deceives him by having a sexual relationship with another man),所以用 be a cuckold 才能正确表达原文的意思。</P>
B&xGN rJ0_ y"y&U4B;Z0D0] <P><B>60</B>. 我在新闻片里看到你站在总裁的身旁。<BR>[误] I saw you stand by the president in the newsreel.<BR>[正] I saw you stand <FONT color=#ff0000>beside</FONT> the president in the newsreel.</P>
5]I4B9c]aF!E <P>注:stand by someone 的意思是“支持某人”(to support someone);to stand beside someone 才是“立于某人旁边”(to stand by the side of someone)。但是,如果 stand by 后面的宾语不是人,那倒是可以与 stand beside 互换,表示“在...之旁”,例如:Their house stands by a forest(他们的房子在森林旁边)。除此之外,stand by 还有“袖手旁观”之意,例如:How can you stand by and watch while your allies are attacked?(当你们的盟友受到攻击时,你们怎能袖手旁观呢?)</P>

2006-2-28 11:23 tanlaoshi
<P><B>61</B>. 那本书毫无价值可言。<BR>[误] That book is invaluable.<BR>[正] That book is <FONT color=#ff0000>valueless</FONT>.</P>
/p5} I m w*CG7k9a[f <P>注:invaluable 和 valueless 一个是在形容词 valuable(有价值的)之前加上否定形容词前缀 in-;另一个是在名词 value(价值)的后面加上否定形容词 -less,但它们的意思却刚好相反。invaluable 是指“非常贵重的,无价的”(highly valuable, precious),其同义词是 priceless;valueless 的意思却是“毫无价值的”,相当于 worthless。现将这两个词用在同一个句子中,以便区别:The book that he considered valueless proved invaluable to us(他认为毫无价值的那本书对我们来说却是无价之宝)。</P>
xt6| n#}L\:Xup <P><B>62</B>. 房间里有一张床、两张桌子和五把椅子。<BR>[误] There are one bed, two desks and five chairs in the room.<BR>[正] There <FONT color=#ff0000>is one</FONT> bed, two desks and five chairs in the room.</P>3^ ~}i)B
<P>注:there be 句型中,be 动词的单复数取决于离它最近的那个词。原文虽然一共列举了八件家具,但是根据英语的谓语就近原则,one bed 决定了应该使用 is。</P>y*t X&[%X;J-dP
<P><B>63</B>. 我不想听他那些空话。<BR>[误] I don't want to hear his empty words.<BR>[正] I don't want to hear his <FONT color=#ff0000>hollow words</FONT>.</P>
h:A$| bnp2E zu <P>注:虽然 empty 和 hollow 都有“空洞的”之意,但表达“空话”时,英语习惯用 hollow words 或 empty talk。</P>
0l!~ h@0?;G!M <P><B>64</B>. 他是我们的死敌。<BR>[误] He is our dead enemy.<BR>[正] He is our <FONT color=#ff0000>deadly enemy</FONT>.</P>]F0c-[}
<P>注:dead 作形容词时表示“死的,无感觉的”,而 deadly 才表示“致命的,不共戴天的”。</P>
yj%RU;~,Tbe <P><B>65</B>. 奥斯本名义上是个医生,但他整天都呆在股票交易所里。<BR>[误] Osborne is a doctor by name only, but he stays in the stock exchange all day long.<BR>[正] Osborne is a doctor in name only, but he stays in the stock exchange all day long.</P>
*d(@T"w6n~$@b <P>注:by name 和 in name 虽然形似,但涵义却有区别。by name 相当于 by the name of,常放在专有名词之后,表示所说的人或事物的确实名称。例如:There was a great poet in China, Qu Yuan by name(中国有个伟大的诗人,名叫屈原)。而 in name 是贬义词,表示“名义上的”或“徒有虚名”。</P>

2006-2-28 11:23 tanlaoshi
<P><B>66</B>. 我们是不信上帝的。<BR>[误] We do not believe God.<BR>[正] We do not <FONT color=#ff0000>believe in</FONT> God.</P>
O)I*{$n;isIX <P>注:believe 和 believe in 虽然都有“相信”的意思,但表示“信仰”的时候只能用后者。</P>4b3g"kKSs;m5zb%O
<P><B>67</B>. 你做这样的事难道不感到羞耻吗?<BR>[误] Aren't you ashamed for doing such a thing?<BR>[正] Aren't you <FONT color=#ff0000>ashamed of</FONT> doing such a thing?</P>
B-K eU,gI:e&D0X <P>注:be ashamed for 一般是指“对他人的行为或外在事物感到羞耻”,而 be ashamed of 则是“由于自己的所作所为而感到羞耻”。</P>D`@.b&q`#a
<P><B>68</B>. 车祸发生在十字路口。<BR>[误] The accident took place at a crossroad.<BR>[正] The accident took place <FONT color=#ff0000>at a crossroads</FONT>.</P>
tkLI3wt}x <P>注:crossroad 是“交叉路,横马路”的意思,而 crossroads 才是“十字路”或“十字路口”,它前面也可以用 a,但 -s 绝不能丢掉。</P>
#?:H]H2n(k ]] <P><B>69</B>. 要学好英语,大量的练习是必要的。<BR>[误] To learn English well, a great deal of practice is necessary.<BR>[正] To learn English well, <FONT color=#ff0000>one needs to have a great deal of practice</FONT>.</P>
j(q:T,[b"id e <P>注:英语中非谓语动词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语一致,本例句中不定式 to learn English well 的逻辑主语应该是“人”,而句子的主语却是 practice,两者不相一致,违背了英语习惯,所以必须将句子的主语改为 one,并做其它相应的调整。</P>
$WS_8fjeY:CR4a!s <P><B>70</B>. ---谢谢你带我们到办公室来。<BR>---不用谢,这是我们应该做的。<BR>[误] ---Thank you for guiding us to the office.<BR>---Not at all, it's my duty.</P>
Lp9SDRA8d8Cy$} <P>[正] ---Thank you for guiding us to the office.<BR>---Not at all, <FONT color=#ff0000>it's a pleasure</FONT>. /<FONT color=#ff0000>I'm glad to be of help</FONT>.</P>N'|H[\ Xaf&H
<P>注:汉语的回答实际上是句客套话,如果把它直译为 It's my duty,就会让西方人误以为你并不想帮他,只是因为职责才不得已而为之,这与汉语的愿意有很大出入。所以,恰当的回答应该是 I'm glad to be of help 或 It's a pleasure,其意思是“我很乐意为您效劳”。</P>

2006-2-28 11:24 tanlaoshi
<P><B>71</B>. 车来了。您先请。<BR>[误] Here comes the car. You go first, please.<BR>[正] Here comes the car. <FONT color=#ff0000>After you</FONT>.</P>-{^QV'@'|@:B(@%[ ]
<P>注:第一句译文虽然把“请”翻译出来了,但还是带有命令的口吻。地道的说法应该是 After you。另外,不少人以为汉语的“请”等同于英语的 please,其实并非如此。例如,在餐桌上请人吃菜或喝酒就不用 please,地道的说法是 Help yourself。</P>
qI$~ r7i4@A+P9q <P><B>72</B>. 布衣蔬食。<BR>[误] cotton clothes and vegetables<BR>[正] <FONT color=#ff0000>coarse clothes and simple fare</FONT></P>
l}NEVYN/_ Y[ <P>注:“布衣蔬食”是形容一个人生活俭朴,但直译成英文却会令人难以理解。因为现在的英、美等国,cotton clothes and vegetables(棉布衣服和青菜)已没有“生活俭朴”的任何联想了,它们早已成了富翁们的最爱,而且价格也比其他产品贵,没钱人还享用不起呢!而第二句译文不仅忠实于原文,而且 fare 一词作“食物”讲还略带古色,恰好反映出了原文的风格。</P>
I%is Dy5fm@H <P><B>73</B>. 你真是红光满面。<BR>[误] Your face is all red.<BR>[正] <FONT color=#ff0000>You are in ruddy health</FONT>.</P>
z D)eklQ U"|T*a <P>注:“红光满面”是说一个人身体很好,而 You face is all red 则指对方满脸通红,似乎“不好意思”或“牌窘境”,皮肤过敏也未可知,总之与原句不符。a ruddy complexion 虽然有“面色红润”的意思,但没能充分表达出汉语“身体健康,精力充沛”的意思。当然,除了第二句译文,还可以用 You look so healthy and full of pep 或 You look the very picture of health and energy 来表达。</P> f.\-p} D z;P
<P><B>74</B>. 你该吃晚饭了。<BR>[误] It's time to eat your dinner.<BR>[正] <FONT color=#ff0000>It's time to have your dinner</FONT>.</P>:~T5ALxD
<P>注:不是所有的“吃”字都能翻译为英语 eat 的,英语中有许多固定搭配,如:take one's medicines(吃药);lead an idle life(吃闲饭);be very popular(吃香);I had some meat for lunch(午餐我吃了些肉)等。<B>eat</B>:“进餐”,在英国不常用,但在美国却常见。例如: <BR>Eat your dinner.<BR>He ate his breakfast quickly, then ran up to his room again. </P>
z9` iB],AS"Fk8h5R <P><B>75</B>. 我们一起跟着音乐跳舞吧!<BR>[误] Let's dance with the music.<BR>[正] Let's <FONT color=#ff0000>dance to the music</FONT>.</P>m/C6bG(U_
<P>注:英语一般说 dance with sb.,即“跟某人一起跳舞”,“音乐”是无生命的东西,怎么能跟它 dance 呢?这里正确的说法是用介词 to。又如:sing to the piano 等。</P>

2006-2-28 11:24 tanlaoshi
<P><B>76</B>. 他的病情好多了。<BR>[误] His sick condition is much better.<BR>[正] <FONT color=#ff0000>His condition is much better</FONT>.</P>
|;|y`z'J)gp <P>注:在英美人看来,sick 只是一种无意义的重复,因为去掉它以后意思一亲清楚,而且还更地道。我们甚至可以更简单地翻译为 He is much better。</P>*enH fu*gq9H,TzH
<P><B>77</B>. 经常给我写信。<BR>[误] Write letters to me often.<BR>[正] <FONT color=#ff0000>Write to me often</FONT>.</P>
H;F+PzC <P>注:中文动宾结构的宾语在翻译成英文时常常省略,因为这些英语动词本身已经包含了中文宾语的意思,不言自明,除非需要强调,否则可以省略,不省略反而与英语习惯不符。上面的例句就是个很好的例子。又如:“你会唱歌吗”(Can you sing);“我会付钱给你”(I'll pay you);“他花很多时间读书”(He spends a lot of time reading)等。</P>'gge3rN8h*Gx
<P><B>78</B>. 挑战者以0比4的比分输了与冠军队的那场比赛。<BR>[误] The challengers lost the game by zero to four to the champion.<BR>[正] The challengers lost the game by <FONT color=#ff0000>nil to four</FONT> to the champion.</P>e&KJ3`a+uJ~o
<P>注:zero 和 nil 虽然都可以表示“零”,但 zero 多用于电话号码或邮政编码,而 nil 则特指比赛的比分。同样,0比0就应该翻译成 nil to nil。</P>
(V[v.`~-z/K!NI <P><B>79</B>. 在一次具有历史意义的表决中,北京羸得了申办奥运会的机会。<BR>[误] In a historical vote, Beijing won the bid for the Olympics.<BR>[正] In a <FONT color=#ff0000>historic</FONT> vote, Beijing won the bid for the Olympics.</P>9z-j L5G*Ig&A?-C
<P>注:historic 表示“历史上著名的,有历史意义的”,而 historical 则表示“有关历史的,历史学的”。</P>
zv p+K(W p[/f <P><B>80</B>. 你读没读过菲尔丁的经典长篇小说《汤姆.琼斯》?<BR>[误] Have you ever read Fielding's classical novel Tom Jones?<BR>[正] Have you ever read Fielding's <FONT color=#ff0000>classic</FONT> novel Tom Jones?</P>
ef-A$a2HK o pB/~ <P>注:classic 即可作形容词,表示“经典的,第一流的”,又可作可数名词,表示“经典作品”;而 classical 却是一个没有比较级和最高级的形容词,常指“(建筑,文学,音乐等方面)古典的,传统的”。</P>

2006-2-28 11:25 tanlaoshi
<P><B>81</B>. 未经允许,任何人不得入内。<BR>[误] Anybody can not come in without permission.<BR>[正] <FONT color=#ff0000>Nobody</FONT> can come in without permission.</P>cs&d*qk4T-x2m k
<P>注:“任何......都不”是汉语中常用字的否定句式,而在英语中,any 构成的合成词及其所修饰的词语作主语时,谓语动词是不能用否定形式的。因此,any ... not 的用法不符合英语的表达习惯,须用“否定形式的主语+肯定形式的谓语”替换。但是,any 构成的合成词及其所修饰的词语作主语时,如果带有后置定语,那么其谓语也可以用否定形式。如:Anyone who does that isn't honest(干那种事的人都是不诚实的)。</P>
8o4p6_ y+U ?w#|f/N;~ <P><B>82</B>. 听到这个消息,没有一个人不感到兴奋。<BR>[误] Having heard the news, nobody did not feel excited.<BR>[正] Having heard the news, <FONT color=#ff0000>everybody felt excited.</FONT></P>#a+YpE GO#K-Q G
<P>注:汉语中把主、谓语同时否定以表示肯定,但这不符合英语习惯,所以 nobody...not 的结构在英语中是不正确的。翻译这类句子时,可像上面正确的译文那样,把主语和谓语都改成肯定形式;也可用“there be + 否定的主语 + 否定形式的定语从句”来表达,即:There was nobody who did not feel excited 或者 There was nobody but felt excited.</P>:K\ `I5rc+t[@U"n
<P><B>83</B>. 我是一个中国人。<BR>[误] I am a Chinese.<BR>[正] <FONT color=#ff0000>I am Chinese</FONT>.</P>
d EL%@!\ \j5} <P>注:第一句译文是不地道的,正确的说法应该去掉不定冠词,或者说 I am a Chinese man。同样,He is an English 也没有 He is English 或 He is an Englishman 好。</P>&@Bd9P8S{9b-x#g
<P><B>84</B>. 母狼为了保护幼崽同猎豹展开了殊死的搏斗。<BR>[误] The female wolf fights against the leopard so as to protect her whelps.<BR>[正] The <FONT color=#ff0000>she wolf</FONT> fights against the leopard so as to protect her whelps.</P>A!Zd6S5iI f
<P>注:汉语一般用“公”、“母”或“雌”、“雄”来区分动物的性别,而英语中,有一部分动物是雌雄各有其名,例如:cock(公鸡)和 hen(母鸡),stag(雄鹿)和 doe(雌鹿)等;而另一部分则是用 male 和 female 加以区分,如:male leopard(公豹),female panda(母熊猫)等;当然,也有例外的情况,如:bull elephant(公象)和 cow elephant(母象),he wolf(公狼)和 she wolf(母狼)等。</P>
6NlF(M(`F!b <P><B>85</B>. 使我高兴的是,我儿子对意大利语也略知一二。<BR>[误] To my joy, my son know a thing or two about Italian.<BR>[正] To my joy, my son knows <FONT color=#ff0000>something about Italian</FONT>.</P>
P6@C7b B <P>注:有些英语词语在字面上同汉语十分相似,但实则貌合神离,如果不求甚解很容易出错。例如,know a thing or two 就不表示“略知一二”,而是“很有经验,精明强干”的意思。</P>

2006-2-28 11:25 tanlaoshi
<P><B>86</B>. 你希望什么时候成家呢?<BR>[误] When do you want to start a family?<BR>[正] When do you want to <FONT color=#ff0000>get married</FONT>?</P> z#x`F&xp |tav
<P>注:中文的“成家”是“结婚”的意思,而英文 start a family 的含义却是“生第一个孩子”,二者完全不是一回事。</P>s2RH!P+Hz&eR
<P><B>87</B>. 宁做鸡头,不做凤尾。<BR>[误] Better be the head of a cock than the tail of a phoenix.<BR>[正] <FONT color=#ff0000>Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion</FONT>.</P>~;s\/`3N
<P>注:每种语言中都有许多约定俗成的表达,没有什么道理好讲,但使用时则需遵照各自的语言习惯。中文是“鸡头”和“凤尾”比,而英语中却要用“狗头”和“狮尾”。</P>'B``'U T!X$H
<P><B>88</B>. 海伦就像一只骄傲的公鸡,从来不爱搭理别人。<BR>[误] Helen is proud as a cock, and she never talks to others.<BR>[正] Helen is <FONT color=#ff0000>proud as a peacock</FONT>, and she never talks to others.</P>
m%|!_:h;B.U;u5M n%@ <P>注:“孔雀”在中国人眼里是美丽和吉祥的象征,而公鸡因为常把头昂得高高地,尾巴翘到了天上,摆出一副盛气凌人的架子,因此成了“骄傲”的化身。但西方文化不注重孔雀美丽的一面,认为它们很骄傲,所以英美人在形容一个人骄傲、狂妄和爱慕虚荣时,就把他(她)比作 peacock。</P>
Ep!Jn#w/? N*c <P><B>89</B>. 因为没有吃的,那个索马里的小男孩瘦得像猴子。<BR>[误] That Somali boy is as thin as a monkey because of the lack of food.<BR>[正] That Somali boy is <FONT color=#ff0000>as thin as a shadow</FONT> because of the lack of food.</P> @ap?*oo
<P>注:同一事物,在不同的文化里可能引起不同的联想,具有不同的内涵。所以,在一种语言中用这种事物作比喻,而在另一种语言中很可能会有不同的表达。这样的例子中英文还有很多,例如:as timid as a hare(胆小如鼠),as strong as a horse(力大如牛),as poor as a church mouse(一贫如洗)等。</P>
nF:Gm^ <P><B>90</B>. 索菲娅望子成龙心切,给儿子报名参加了许多补习班。<BR>[误] Sophia hopes to see her son become a dragon, therefore she enters his name for many classes of supplementary schooling.<BR>[正] Sophia hopes that her son will <FONT color=#ff0000>have a bright future</FONT>, therefore she enters his name for many classes of supplementary schooling.</P>
W |%K'N*\,~2G <P>注:“龙”在中国人心目中象征着神圣和万能,但在西方人的印象中却是可怕的,《圣经》里就把“龙”描述成了罪恶的象征。所以在翻译“望子成龙”时需要意译。</P>

2006-2-28 11:25 tanlaoshi
<P><B>91</B>. 由于街道的扩建,道路两旁矮小的房屋全部被拆除了。<BR>[误] The short and small houses on both sides of the road have been demolished due to its widening.<BR>[正] The <FONT color=#ff0000>low and small houses</FONT> on both sides of the road have been demolished due to its widening.</P>
j2}pv6V <P>注:英语中,形容人或树等的高矮要用形容词 tall 和 short;但是指山峦、房屋或其它建筑物的高矮,我们通常用 high 和 low。</P>2H8S Z8_zQ/W:w&m
<P><B>92</B>. 爸爸总爱发脾气。<BR>[误] Dad always likes losing his temper.<BR>[正] <FONT color=#ff0000>Dad</FONT> <FONT color=#ff0000>is apt to lose his temper</FONT>.</P>
O/C#d"LP <P>注:like doing something 表示“喜欢干某事”,一般用来说明某人的兴趣爱好;而 be apt to do sth.则表示“常常发生某种行为”或“容易发生某种变化”。根据原文的意思显然应该用后者。</P>
"E"}/SUt!\ <P><B>93</B>. 欧文按捺不住激动的心情,大声喊道:“我中奖了!”<BR>[误] Owen couldn't hold back his exciting feeling, and he shouted, "I've got the winning number in the bond!"<BR>[正] Owen couldn't <FONT color=#ff0000>hold back his excitement</FONT>, and he shouted, "I've got the winning number in the bond!"</P>
R:P.I#Xh*F/b|6a#O[l <P>注:exciting feeling 这种搭配很不地道,虽然“振奋人心的消息”是 exciting news,“有趣的故事”是 interesting story,但“激动的心情”却要用名词形式 excitement 来表达。</P>
:y7J _-[ N%O0bwJu <P><B>94</B>. 丹尼斯自己不努力,还老是眼红别人的成就。<BR>[误] Denis himself doesn't work hard, however, he is always red-eyed of other people's achievements.<BR>[正] Denis himself doesn't work hard, however, he is always <FONT color=#ff0000>green-eyed</FONT> of other people's achievements.</P>
,f%j2@}2|6H.QZjo-WcP <P>注:中国人说一个人嫉妒用“眼红”,但英美人则用“眼绿”来形容。英语的 green 除了表示颜色之外还有“嫉妒”的意思,又如:I was absolutely green (with envy) when I saw his splendid new car(我看到他那辆漂亮的新车非常眼红)。其实,英语中许多表示色彩的词汇都有特殊的含义,不能照字面去理解。再比如:He gave me a black look(他恶狠狠地蹬了我一眼);She visits us once in a blue moon(她难得来看我们一次)等。</P>
Q3w:jKea.U <P><B>95</B>. 夏天要多喝白开水。<BR>[误] You should drink more white boiled water in summer.<BR>[正] You should drink more <FONT color=#ff0000>plain boiled water</FONT> in summer.</P>
.X a7Ly;y*{ e(cy <P>注:“白开水”不是指“水的颜色是白色”,而是指“水中没有添加其他的东西”。而 plain 正是指“没掺杂其他东西的,单纯的”,所以能确切表达原文的含义。</P>

2006-2-28 11:26 tanlaoshi
<P><B>96</B>. 对不起,我把课本忘在家里了。<BR>[误] Sorry, I forgot my textbook at home.<BR>[正] Sorry, I <FONT color=#f70909>left</FONT> my textbook at home.</P>4k9I O's_W
<P>注:原文中的“忘”是指“落在家里”的意思,不能翻译成英文的 forget,而应用表示“把...留在某地,丢下,落下”等的意思的 leave。</P>
g%fO-AYPm,f <P><B>97</B>. 中国足球队击败了日本队,从而取得了参加半决赛的资格。<BR>[误] The Chinese football team beat the Japanese team, and is qualified to play in the half-finals.<BR>[正] The Chinese football team beat the Japanese team, and is qualified to play <FONT color=#f70909>in the semifinals.</FONT></P>F;a e*ykw9\a1v$h,W
<P>注:semi- 是英语里的一个前缀,表示“半”,例如:automatic 是“自动的”,那么 semiautomatic 就表示“半自动的”;diameter 指“直径”,那么 semi-diameter 就指“半径”;monthly 指“月刊”,那么 semi-monthly 就表示“半月刊”。以上这些都跟 semifinal(半决赛)一样,是约定俗成的。</P>
3SZ3cU _&c <P><B>98</B>. 在自然灾害期间,绝大多数人都过着半饥半饱的生活。<BR>[误] During the natural calamity, most people were half hungry, half full.<BR>[正] During the natural calamity, most people were <FONT color=#ff0000>underfed</FONT>.</P>+x6`Bj1lV\{j
<P>注:under- 是一个英语前缀,表示“......不足的”,如:underdeveloped(经济发展不充分的),underage(未到法定年龄的)等。所以,underfeed 表示“未喂饱的,食物不足的”。汉语中“半......半......”的结构可以翻译成 half...half...,例如:As for this matter, I am half-believing, half-doubting(对于这件事我是半信半疑的);This composition is half literary, half vernacular(这篇文章写得半文不白的)。</P>
7h(T n"`D <P><B>99</B>. 汉语是我们的母语。<BR>[误] Chinese is our mother language.<BR>[正] Chinese is our <FONT color=#ff0000>mother tongue</FONT>.</P>.F N^ m2]X~ UR
<P>注:tongue 除了指“舌头”,还可以用来指“语言,方言”,如 the Spanish tongue 并非指“西班牙舌头”,而是指“西班牙语”。我们常说的有“语言天赋”,英语里相应的表达是 the gift of tongues。“母语”在英语中用 mother tongue 表达,还可以说 parent language 或 linguistic parent,但 mother language 的说法却是不地道的。</P>.OW4I)XgI)D9z4C
<P><B>100</B>. 我爷爷是奔75的人了。<BR>[误] My grandpa is running for seventy-five.<BR>[正] My grandpa <FONT color=#ff0000>is getting on</FONT> for seventy-five.</P>T)C~SrK9P9J
<P>注:run for 有“竞赛,竞选”之意,如:run for Congress(竞选国会议员),run for the presidency(竞选总统)等。而 get on for 才表示“接近”,它通常用进行时态,后面一般跟年龄或者时间,如:It's getting on for midnight(快到半夜了)等。</P>'@MtS(w
<P>***(<B>1). push thirty[forty,etc.]已经快到三[四...]十岁了:<BR></B>She would like you to think so, but <FONT color=#3333cc>she's pushing thirty</FONT>.<BR>You wouldn't think so to look at him, but <FONT color=#3333cc>he's pushing 40</FONT>.</P>#Bg p,G"N
<P><B>(2). get on for[towards]快到(某时间),快(多少岁):</B><BR>It's <FONT color=#2b2bd5>getting on for</FONT> nine o'clock.<BR>He must be <FONT color=#2b2bd5>getting on for</FONT> forty now.<BR>Here you are <FONT color=#2b2bd5>getting on toward</FONT> thirty.</P>
-q P4yC)u1N <P><B>(3). 年龄的一些说法</B>:<BR>1) I'm twenty.(常用)<BR>2) I'm twenty years old.(常用)<BR>3) I'm twenty-year-old.(不常用)<BR>4) I'm twenty years of age.(书面)<BR>5) I'm aged twenty (years).(书面)<BR>6) My age is twenty (years).(不常用)<BR>7) I come into the age of twenty.(不常用)<BR>8) I'm in my teens.(不常用)</P> f[e1Ecn.jU
<P>in one's early teens(不常用)<BR>在十三四岁年纪</P>5A-YO]!j
<P>not yet out of one's teens(不常用)<BR>还没有到20岁</P>

2006-2-28 11:27 tanlaoshi
<P><B>101</B>. 正如中国的一句俗话:“笨鸟先飞”。<BR>[误] As an old Chinese saying goes, "Stupid birds have to start flying early."<BR>[正] As an old Chinese saying goes,"<FONT color=#ff0000>Clumsy birds</FONT> have to start flying early."</P>
oE\#U v <P>注:“笨鸟先飞”常用来比喻那些能力差的人,因为做事怕落后,所以就提前行动。这里的“笨”并非 stupid(智力低下的,愚蠢的)的意思,而用 clumsy(笨拙的,不灵巧的)更恰当。</P>
+m&roA(np])^)? <P><B>102</B>. 艾达把“发音”一词拼写错了,不过只是个笔误。<BR>[误] Ida misspells the word "pronunciation", however, it is only a mistake of pen.<BR>[正] Ida misspells the word "pronunciation", however, it is only <FONT color=#ff0000>a slip of the pen</FONT>.</P>
TBpn;GvQ6h <P>注:与 mistake(错误,误会,过失)相比,slip 更侧重于由于不经意或疏忽而造成的错误,所以“口误”一般译为 a slip of the tongue,同样,“笔误”就翻译成 a slip of the pen。</P>
.c [h$DG <P><B>103</B>. 我们将口头对这一问题做个表决。<BR>[误] We shall take an oral vote on this problem.<BR>[正] We shall take <FONT color=#ff0000>a voice vote</FONT> on this problem.</P>
X*El^~S7kWq <P>注:voice 除了指“说话声,嗓音”之外,还有“(公开或正式表达出的)意见,愿望”的意思。voice vote 又叫“呼声表决”,即参加表决者叫喊“同意”或“不同意”,按呼声响亮的一方决定。而 oral 则强调“以口头的方式”,例如:oral practice(口头练习),oral examination(口试),oral report(口头汇报)等,但“口头表决”英语却没有 oral vote 之说,而习惯用 voice vote。</P>
'_,b1}2g:Cy Ki.vVn <P><B>104</B>. 内德有一条瘸腿。<BR>[误] Ned has a lame leg.<BR>[正] <FONT color=#ff0000>Ned is lame in one leg</FONT>.</P>
@?*Ps0t9F8k <P>注:lame 作“瘸的,跛的,残废的”讲,一般用作表语,且其主语往往是人或动物,例如:go lame(变成瘸子),be lame in/或 of one leg(一条腿跛的)。当 lame 用作定语时,它常表示“站不住脚的,有缺陷的”,例如:a lame excuse(站不住脚的借口),a lame imitation(低劣的仿制品)。</P> Y3fC0Y%S
<P><B>105</B>. 我舅舅的胃病又犯了。<BR>[误] My uncle has got another attack of stomach disease.<BR>[正] My uncle has got another attack of <FONT color=#ff0000>stomach trouble</FONT>.</P>yH3?,^[7sI
<P>注:英语同汉语一样,也有很多约定俗成的表达法。同样是“病”,心脏病可以说 heart disease,但胃病、肝病、眼病等就习惯说成 stomach/liver/eye trouble。</P>

2006-2-28 11:27 tanlaoshi
<P><B>106</B>. 奥尼尔是首位进入决赛的种子选手。<BR>[误] O'Neil is the first seed player to reach the final.<BR>[正] O'Neil is <FONT color=#ff0000>the first seed</FONT> to reach the final.</P>0[$_$j&Ap%B4u
<P>注:seed 的愿意是“种子,萌芽”,后被引申为“种子选手”,所以这时不必再加 player。类似的词还有“植物人”(vegetable),它被翻译成英语时“人”字也不必译出。</P>H2p^*gv&s&A,P
<P><B>107</B>. 因为玛吉请了三天病假,所以她必须把落下的课补上。<BR>[误] Since Maggie asked for a sick leave of three days,she should make up for her lost lessons.<BR>[正] Since Maggie asked for a sick leave of three days,she should <FONT color=#ff0000>make up her lost lessons</FONT>.</P>
x\vAtHHmSQ <P>注:同样表示“弥补,补偿,补足”,make up 后面一般接具体的名词,如:make up a missed lesson(补课),a make-up examination(补考)等;而 make up for 后面的名词通常比较抽象,如:make up for the lost time(弥补时间上的损失),make up for one's defects(补其所短)等。</P>|l)k8e0R$B h6D"`&e
<P><B>108</B>. 对不起,因为交通繁忙,我迟到了20分钟。<BR>[误] Excuse me, I am twenty minutes late because of the busy traffic.<BR>[正] Excuse me, I am twenty minutes late because of the <FONT color=#ff0000>heavy traffic</FONT>.</P>|R*`uQ] b3T
<P>注:busy 的确可以作“繁忙”讲,如:the busy farming season(农忙季节),a busy day(繁忙的一天)等,但“交通繁忙”却是约定俗成的说法,要用 heavy 形容 traffic,而不是 busy。在大城市,交通一般都比较繁忙,尤其在 rush hours(上下班的高峰期),常常会出现 traffic jam(交通阻塞)。如果要表达“街上车辆很少”,可以说 There is little traffic on the roads。</P>f*H Qlqa_
<P><B>109</B>. 在很久以前,这里曾经有座宫殿。<BR>[误] There used to be a palace here before long.<BR>[正] There used to be a palace here <FONT color=#f70909>long before</FONT>.</P>
a4w Fs| <P>注:不要想当然地以为 before long 是指“在很久以前”,恰恰相反,它的意思是“不久以后”,例如:Harry Porter will be published before long(《哈利.波特》不久就要出版了)。而 long before 才相当于 long,long ago,表示“在很久很久以前”。</P>zPXE#Yy
<P><B>110</B>. 你真是不要脸,居然干出这种事。<BR>[误] You are so faceless that you should have done such a thing.<BR>[正] You are so <FONT color=#ff0000>shameless</FONT> that you should have done such a thing.</P>
Tx^^E yX <P>注:虽然 -less 主要附在名词或动词后面构成否定形容词,表示“没有,无,不”,如:fearless(无畏的),careless(不小心的),doubtless(无疑的)等,但 faceless 的意思却是“姓名不详的,匿名的,不露面的”。而“伤风败俗的,无耻的,不要脸的(人)”则要用 shameless 来表达,而 shameful 一般用来指“可耻的,丢脸的(行为)”,例如:shameful conduct(可耻的行为),a shameless exploiter(无耻的剥削者)。</P>

2006-2-28 11:27 tanlaoshi
<P><B>111</B>. 你们必须擦亮眼睛,弄清楚事情的真相。<BR>[误] You should wipe your eye and find out the truth.<BR>[正] You should <FONT color=#ff0000>remove the scales from your eyes</FONT> and find out the truth.</P>
YkU!T0b1e <P>注:英语里确实有 wipe one's eye 这一短语,但它表示“先发制人”或“使某人看到自己的狂妄”,而且这里的 eye 要用单数形式。而 scale 用作复数可比喻“障眼物”,英文的 remove the scales from one's eyes 才对应于中文的“擦亮眼睛”。</P>&Jv {.C G-k-gpMM
<P><B>112</B>. 瞧,树上有两只麻雀。<BR>[误] Look, there are two sparrows on the tree.<BR>[正] Look, there are two sparrows <FONT color=#ff0000>in</FONT> the tree.</P>
oKc ^CFd <P>注:英语中,只有“长”在树上的东西才用介词 on,例如:There are lots of apples on the tree;其余均用介词 in,例如:The primitive built houses in the tree(原始人在树上建房子)。本例句也不例外。 </P>
knM.C J|? <P><B>113</B>. 裘德在乡下有一块菜地。<BR>[误] Jude has a piece of vegetable field in the countryside.<BR>[正] Jude has <FONT color=#ff0000>a piece of vegetable plot</FONT> in the countryside.</P>l VM c[R}2D|6g
<P>注:英语里 field 的确可指“(一块)田地”,如:a paddy field(一块稻田),terraced fields(梯田)等,但“菜地”却习惯称为 vegetable plot,而不是 field。 plot 指“小块土地,小块地皮”,如:an experimental plot of cotton(一块棉花试验田)。 </P>:e ?HIc/i/p QN
<P><B>114</B>. 我妻子总喜欢留朋友吃顿便饭。<BR>[误] My wife is fond of asking her friends to stay for a casual meal.<BR>[正] My wife is fond of asking her friends to stay for <FONT color=#ff0000>a light meal</FONT>.</P>
z9G z n)M*}f <P>注:casual 可作“不拘礼节的,非正式的”讲,如:clothes for casual wear(便服)。但“便饭”人们习惯用形容词 light,该词也有“随便的,不重要的”之意,如:a light conversation(闲谈)。</P>+Y1t;N2Zp9sQiq
<P><B>115</B>. 要测量海水的深度不是一件容易的事情。<BR>[误] It is a tough job to measure the depth of the sea.<BR>[正] It is a tough job <FONT color=#ff0000>to fathom the depth of the sea</FONT>.</P>
v-| ga ^#T)J <P>注:要测量某人的身高,某人物体的长、宽、高,某两点间的距离,某物体的运动速度等,都可以用 measure 一词,例如:The room measures 10 meters across(这房间10米),但惟有测量水深时不用 measure,而要用 fathom。</P>

2006-2-28 11:28 tanlaoshi
<P><B>116</B>. 美国是个超级大国,不少人都梦想着能移民到那儿。<BR>[误] The United States is a super country, and many people dream of immigrating into it.<BR>[正] The United States is <FONT color=#ff0000>a superpower</FONT>, and many people dream of immigrating into it.</P>\*F6Uy*]-{&e e
<P>注:super- 是一个前缀,表示“特大的,超级的”等含义,例如:supermarket(超市),superstar(超级明星),superman(超人)等。superpower 是“超级大国”的习惯表达,power 本身也有“强国,大国”的含义,如:an industrial power(工业强国),the imperialist powers(帝国主义列强)等。用 super country 表示“超级大国”是中国式的英语。</P>9@(e?2~:kyk
<P><B>117</B>. 哈罗德邀请一位女士到舞池里跳舞。<BR>[误] Harold invites a lady to dance in the dance pool.<BR>[正] Harold invites a lady to dance <FONT color=#ff0000>in the dance floor</FONT>.</P>
nXTQh\ly} <P>注:pool 在英语里是指“水塘”或“水池”,如 swimming pool(游泳池)等。而中文的“池”意思就多了,它在“舞池”中就指“旁边高中间低的地方”,再加上许多约定俗成的说法,所以,翻译时要具体情况具体对待。如:“舞池”英文是 dance floor,而“乐池”则为orchestra pit。</P>
K'Rn;Sm <P><B>118</B>. ---我们这是上哪儿去?<BR>-    ---去我的住处。<BR>[误] ---Where are we going to?<BR>-    ---To my living place.<BR>[正] ---Where are we going to?<BR>-    ---To my <FONT color=#ff0000>dwelling place</FONT>.</P>Q!yAl%O9g2V.^9M.f
<P>注:虽然 live 有“居住”的意思,但 living place 却是指“(房屋里)可居住的地方”,因为 living 作形容词所表达的意思是“适于居住的”。而 dwelling 本身就是名词,指“住处”或“寓所”,它也可以再修饰其他名词,如:dwelling house 或 dwelling place 等。</P>6?eWp i9R^~
<P><B>119</B>. ---想喝点什么?<BR>-    ---来杯淡茶吧!<BR>[误] ---What would you like to drink?<BR>-    ---A cup of light tea, pleas.   <BR>[正] ---What would you like to drink?<BR>-    ---A cup of <FONT color=#ff0000>weak tea</FONT>, pleas.</P>1ZW,Rj8Fm
<P>注:一般说来,形容食物“清淡”用 light,例如:light soup(清汤),a light diet(清淡的饮食)等。形容烟、酒等“味淡的”则要用 mild,例如:The tobacco is very mild(这烟草儿很淡)。而“淡茶”的表达是 weak tea。与“淡”相对的是“浓”,可以翻译成 strong,例如:strong drinks(烈性酒),strong tea(浓茶);也可以译成 thick,例如:thick soup(浓汤)等。</P>!Y:Mq+N HO h
<P><B>120</B>. 有人看见一位妇女和两个孩子朝路那边走去。<BR>[误] A woman with two children were seen walking down the road.<BR>[正] A woman with two children <FONT color=#ff0000>was</FONT> seen walking down the road.</P>
'\^{uQ <P>注:在英语中,主语由 as well as, with, along with, together with 等连接时,谓语动词要与这些连接词前面的名词或代词保持一致。 </P>

2006-2-28 11:28 tanlaoshi
<P><B>121</B>. 我们的班主任住在18栋楼4单元2号。<BR>[误] Our head-teacher lives in Building 18, Entrance 4, No. 2.<BR>[正] Our head-teacher lives in<FONT color=#ff0000> No. 2, Entrance 4, Building 18</FONT>.</P>
6\%MdT*a[n <P>注:英语地址的写法同汉语相反,汉语是从大到小,而英语却是从小到大。例如:Bill Clinton lives in the Little Rock, Arkansas.(比尔.克林顿住在阿肯色的小石城)。</P>$^ V3N G-Q'u,P
<P><B>122</B>. 如果你也那样做可就有失身份了。<BR>[误] You would lose your identity if you'd follow suit.<BR>[正] <FONT color=#ff0000>It would be beneath your dignity</FONT> if you'd follow suit.</P> K5RxkUPl,g
<P>注:identity 是可以翻译成汉语的“身份”,如:The police made sure of his identity(警察查明了他的身份)及 an identity card(身份证)等,但它所表示的“身份”是“正身”或“个人及家庭的基本情况”。而“有失身份”的“身份”是指“一个人所处的地位和应有的尊严”,所以它不能翻译成 lose one's identity,而应用 beneath one's dignity 来表达。“在某人的尊严之下”(beneath one's dignity)不就是“有失身份”的意思吗?当然,它还可以用 not up to one's status/dignity/fame 之类的短语来表示。</P>A ~K2PI9Cnj1u
<P><B>123</B>. 每个月的单号我们都有一场比赛。<BR>[误] We have a match on single-numbered days of each month.<BR>[正] We have a match on <FONT color=#ff0000>odd-numbered</FONT> days of each month.</P>
_e"U2h#@\l*Z <P>注:single 是“单一的,单个的”意思如:single-eyed(独眼的),single-handed(独手的,单枪匹马的)等。而 odd 才表示“单数的,奇数的”意思,如:odd houses(单号门牌的房子),odd month(有三十天的月份)等。</P>`XoR!j7Q.{;^B8`!N0[
<P><B>124</B>. 大舌头的人发音都很糟糕。<BR>[误] Big-tongued persons have terrible pronunciations.<BR>[正] <FONT color=#ff0000>Thick-tongued persons</FONT> have terrible pronunciations.</P> L,Mp] U_
<P>注:tongued 常和其他词构成复合词,如:loose-tongued(铙舌的,随口乱说的),silver-tongued(能言善辩的)等。说一个人是个口齿不清的“大舌头”,除了可用 a thick-tongued person 来表达,还可以用 a lisper 表达相同的意思。</P>0Y+ajw4j&UL
<P><B>125</B>. 你可真是个人物啊!<BR>[误] You are really a person.<BR>[正] You are really <FONT color=#ff0000>a personage</FONT>.</P>
Q @5T&m"J X <P>注:person 仅仅指一个普通的“人”,如:a young person(一个年轻人),a courageous person(一个勇敢的人)等。所以第一句译文的意思是“你真的是一个人”,好像在讽刺人似的。而 personage 指“要人,名流,显贵”,用这个词才能准确表达原句的意思。</P>

2006-2-28 11:29 tanlaoshi
<P><B>126</B>. 你为什么不走大路偏走小路呢?<BR>[误] Why don't you take the big road instead of the small one?<BR>[正] Why don't you take the <FONT color=#f70909>main road</FONT> instead of the path?</P>
-Q"nNe"c$h <P>注:英语里常用 main 表示“主要的”,如:main line(铁路的主要干线);main stem(河流的主要河道);mainland(对小岛和半岛而言的“大陆”)等。而中文的“大路”就是“主干道”的意思,所以也应用 main 修饰。</P>
HiD omj%k <P><B>127</B>. 在动笔之前,你必须先打开思路。<BR>[误] You should open your mind before you begin to write.<BR>[正] You should <FONT color=#ff0000>broaden your mind</FONT> before you begin to write.</P>w`kIU ?3Z
<P>注:open 表示“打开,张开”时,后面通常跟具体名词,而 broaden 表示“拓宽,扩大”,其后既可以跟具体名词搭配,又可以接抽象名词,如:broaden one's horizon(开阔眼界),The street broadens here(街道在这里变宽了)。mind 是个抽象名词,所以应与 broaden 搭配。</P>u6C+U2{ ^h;T
<P><B>128</B>. 那些人攒三聚五地聚在一起干嘛呢?<BR>[误] What are those people gathering in threes and fives for?<BR>[正] What are those people gathering <FONT color=#ff0000>in threes and fours</FONT> for?</P>l;i+k \2gYx
<P>注:汉语中有些数词可以直接翻译成英文,如:“沧海一粟”(a drop in the ocean),“一箭双雕”(kill two birds with one stone)等。但是,也有不少数词不能进行等值翻译,上面所列的就是一例。除此之外,还有“乱七八糟”(at sixes and sevens),“再三考虑”(on second thought),“三三两两地”(by ones and twos)等。</P>!Eon ~ m[/n(aGb
<P><B>129</B>. 我爷爷的爷爷从生下来一直到死都没有离开过这座大山。<BR>[误] My great great-grandfather had never left the mountain from birth to death.<BR>[正] My great great-grandfather had never left the mountain <FONT color=#ff0000>from the cradle to the grave</FONT>.</P>
ul8]f k({I <P>注:“从......到......”常可以翻译成 from ...to...,如:from ancient times to the present(从古至今),from beginning to end(从头到尾),from dawn to dusk(从早到晚)等。第一句翻译错就错在将“生”和“死”翻得太直白了,不符合英语的习惯。</P>
6_5Rk(gc(}Jys <P><B>130</B>. 要想学习英语,必须首先学会查字典。<BR>[误] In order to learn English, one must learn to look up the dictionary first.<BR>[正] In order to learn English, one must learn <FONT color=#ff0000>to look up words in the dictionary</FONT> first.</P>
u0s4pnP(z? <P>注:look up 表示“(在字典、词典、参考书等中)查找,查寻”,后面要跟查找的对象。所以,第一句译文搭配不正确,让人误以为是要“找字典”。原文还有另外一种表达方式,即 consult the dictionary,因为 consult 表达的正是“查阅(字典、书籍等)”。</P>

2006-2-28 11:30 tanlaoshi
<P><B>131</B>. 盖奇在船厂工作了30年。<BR>[误] Cage has been working in a ship factory for thirty years.<BR>[正] Cage has been working in <FONT color=#ff0000>a shipyard</FONT> for thirty years.</P>)ygW8^3K CS
<P>注:英语中的 factory 与汉语的“厂”有时候可以对应,如:clothing factory(服装厂),chemical factory(化工厂),food products factory(食品厂)等,但也有例外,除了“船厂”要用 yard 以外,还有“酿酒厂”(brewery),砖瓦厂(brickfield),电厂(power plant)等。</P>
(El!~ u `a <P><B>132</B>. 当心碰到脑袋。<BR>[误] Take care of your head!<BR>[正] <FONT color=#ff0000>Mind your head</FONT>!</P>
,U"c2{#jeT5e3i^G'n <P>注:英语里提醒别人注意可以说:Take care! /Look out! /Be careful! 等,但 take care of 却表示“照顾,照料(某人或某物)”。而 mind 用作及物动词时表示“注意,留心,当心”,也有提醒注意的意思。如:Mind the wet paint(当心,油漆未干)等。</P>
xV&p%t"kP oZ <P><B>133</B>. 买鞋油的钱你先垫着,我以后还。<BR>[误] Please pay for the shoe oil for me. I'll pay back later.<BR>[正] Please pay for the <FONT color=#ff0000>shoe polish</FONT> for me. I'll pay back later.</P>_wB2mGJy)anB{
<P>注:鞋油的“油”不用 oil 表达,而要用 polish。polish 可以作“擦光剂”讲,也可以作“磨光,擦亮”讲,如:a desk with a high polish(表面光泽极好的书桌)。</P>8s3s;@#A7se[&?&\
<P><B>134</B>. 由于第三者插足,这对夫妻离婚了。<BR>[误] The couple divorced because of the third person.<BR>[正] The couple divorced because of <FONT color=#ff0000>a third party</FONT>.</P>`6p4PJ-J5ZAX r)Ux
<P>注:序数词一般常跟定冠词 the 连用,表示“第几”;而序数词和不定冠词 a 连用时表示的则是“另一个”。如:He won the third prize(他得了个三等奖),He won a third prize(他第三次得奖)。</P>
x,l*lz/Z"y&Kld k <P><B>135</B>. 这是个口误。<BR>[误] It is an oral mistake!<BR>[正] It is<FONT color=#ff0000> a slip of the tongue</FONT>!</P>3q1B7pxA z9D
<P>注:“口误”要用 slip of the tongue(舌头滑了一下)表达,而 misake 一词太严重了,与汉语的内涵有出入。</P>

2006-2-28 11:30 tanlaoshi
<P><B>136</B>. 三思而后行。<BR>[误] Think three times before you act!<BR>[正] <FONT color=#f70909>Think twice</FONT>!</P>HL9k2xJ#yd Z4X
<P>注:汉语中以“三”言其多,英国人却只要求“转念”即可,所以用 twice(二)。若将中国的思维强作移植,只恐果实滋味无人懂。</P>
Ux*F5_!~0cW.k <P><B>137</B>. 这是她的口头禅。<BR>[误] This is her habitual phrase.<BR>[正] This is her <FONT color=#ff0000>pet phrase</FONT>.</P> pT*A'nDG*vr
<P>注: 习惯的短语?宠物的短语?若是像对宠物一般珍视和不离,这短语自然就是中国人所谓的“口头禅”了!</P>
6C B6x!X!Tm0K4wL <P><B>138</B>. 生命短暂而艺术永恒。<BR>[误] Life is short, and art is long.<BR>[正] <FONT color=#ff0000>Art is long, and time is fleeting</FONT>.</P>9WyO~b
<P>注: 这是一句传诵千古的名言,若直译成英文会显消极和晦气,没有了原汁原味的神韵。</P>
/q2Q V:IX <P><B>139</B>. 过河莫忘搭桥人。<BR>[误] Don't forget the builder of the bridge when you cross the river.<BR>[正] <FONT color=#ff0000>Prise the bridge he goes over</FONT>.</P>I:a5E:xB
<P>注: 第一句虽不算错,但第二句意象一转,层面一变,可就简练形象多了!</P>0_t8H RvCX `
<P><B>140</B>. 习惯成自然。<BR>[误] Habit forms nature.<BR>[正] <FONT color=#ff0000>Habit is second nature</FONT>.</P>
jelp6o3Se <P>注: 第二句颇有后天习得之意味,妙处也就在于此。</P>

2006-2-28 11:31 tanlaoshi
<P><B>141</B>. 上梁不正下梁歪。<BR>[误] If the upper beam is crooked, the one below is necessarily so.<BR>[正] <FONT color=#ff0000>Fish begins to stink at the head</FONT>.</P>
w/B,Yix+^(zu%~\@B <P>注: 鱼要腐烂头先臭?西方人把中国人赋予建筑的喻义转接到了食物身上,异曲同工吧!记得不要直译哦!</P>K4ZxR+Tj:pM
<P><B>142</B>. 聊胜于无。<BR>[误] Few is better than none.<BR>[正] <FONT color=#f70909>Half a bread is better than none</FONT>.</P>2wX,waq.zE$jv
<P>注: 中国的四字成语言简意赅,而英文却将此形象化于西方人所熟悉的面包,亲切可触。</P>
A#h*Iie <P><B>143</B>. 忧愁伤身。<BR>[误] Worry hurts body.<BR>[正] <FONT color=#f70909>Care killed the cat</FONT>.</P>
C0ntK.e <P>注: 既然莎翁(莎士比亚)用了一只可怜的猫,那么,就用猫好了。</P>6B6@]9\R'T
<P><B>144</B>. 他输了这场球。一切都完蛋了。<BR>[误] He has lost the game. The egg is over.<BR>[正] He has lost the game. <FONT color=#f70909>It has gone belly up</FONT>.</P>
;M3g6r;d:h p <P>注: 我们不知道中文“完蛋”二字的源头,但是英文表达里的 belly up 源自漂在水中的死鱼。怎么样?很生动吧!千万不要用鸡蛋把外国人搞得丈二和尚摸不着头脑哦!</P>
{-U-}AD!rT"S K <P><B>145</B>. 他俩好得能穿一条裤子。<BR>[误] They are so close as if they could wear the same trousers.<BR>[正] They are <FONT color=#f70909>hand in glove</FONT>.</P>
S[/po:g0pA ktx <P>注: 中国人的这一表达在西方人看来简直是莫名其妙,他们相应的说法是像手在手套里一样亲密无间。</P>

2006-2-28 11:31 tanlaoshi
<P><B>146</B>. 他资质平平。<BR>[误] He has a normal intelligence.<BR>[正] He has <FONT color=#f70909>an average intelligence</FONT>.</P>
wNxC p Cn_F t <P>注: normal 言其正常,average 言其平庸。貌似一般,但内涵不同,绝对不可滥用。</P>$T? ['QD7fD(R
<P><B>147</B>. 他这次可是搬起石头砸自己的脚。<BR>[误] This time, he has carried a stone and let it fall on his own feet.<BR>[正] This time, he has <FONT color=#f70909>shot himself in the foot</FONT>.</P>
4{+C-t-I?7G:z&p1a%] <P>注: 中文和英文都用了“脚”,可是一个要用“石头”,一个要用“枪”。别记错了!</P>
_%AD ]t*lz'a A <P><B>148</B>. 他老是信口开河。<BR>[误] He is always making his mouth flow like a river.<BR>[正] He is always <FONT color=#f70909>shooting off his mouth</FONT>!</P>
R4Pe^.Jc <P>注: 中国人的这一比喻西方人是无论如何也理解不了的,他们不仅体会不到其中的夸张,还会以为这个人整天口水直流呢!</P>*T.N,t%K Az1BQk
<P><B>149</B>. 这事儿八字还没一撇呢!<BR>[误] I have not drawn the first part of the letter eight!<BR>[正] <FONT color=#f70909>It has not got to the first base</FONT>!</P>;x\6rt#C{gA B
<P>注: 这句话与汉字形状有关,直译成英文真是要多怪有多怪。幸好英文里有一个类似表达,那就拿来用吧!</P>s$G9m{"a iO
<P><B>150</B>. 她最爱给人当头泼凉水了。<BR>[误] She loves pouring cold water over other's head.<BR>[正] She loves <FONT color=#f70909>throwing a wet blanket on others</FONT>.</P>l G6`S*q0X"T
<P>注: wet blanket 在英语中指“令人扫兴的人或事”,而中文的“泼凉水”在这里也不是直泼,也是“令人扫兴”的意思。所以在某些时候,中国人的“泼凉水”等同于西方人的“抛湿毯子”呢!</P>

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