科技英语知识翻译示范(页 1) - 翻译论坛-口译笔译 - 英语论坛-英语麦当劳 English learners' Forum

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科技英语知识翻译示范

 
 
一，时间 1. When a wire is broken by bending it back and forth rapidly, some of the work is transformed into heat and the wire gets hot. 当把导线快速地（通过）来回弯曲折断时，部分功就转换成热，所以导线变热． 2. When the moon changes it position, so do the orientation of the tide-generating forces and the position of the equilibrium tide. 当月亮的位置改变时，引潮力的取向和平衡潮的位置也改变了． 3. The water vapor will chang from its invisible state to condense into visible moisture when the dew point temprature is reched. 当露点温度达到时，水气将从其看不见的状态凝结成可见的水分． 4.When a user requests a set of resources, it must be determined whether the allocation of these resources will leave the system in safe state. 当用户要求一组资源时，必须确定这些资源的分配是否会让系统处于安全状态． 5.As the number of users sharing the segment increases, so does the difficulty of finding an acceptable segment number. 当合同程序段的用户数目增加时，查找可接受的程序段的号码的困难也增加． 6. The aire pressure begins falling accordingly as a typhoon comes near. 随着台风的临近，气压开始下降． 7.While they are waiting in the ready queue, the I/O devices are idle. 当它们在就绪队列中等待时，输入／输出装置则空闲着． 8. At the same time the waves are fanning out, they are also separating by wavelength, a process known as dispersion. 当这些波向外扩散时，它们也在按波长分开，这一过程叫频散． 9.Current stars flowing at the very moment when we close the circuit. 当我们一接通线路，电流马上就开始出现． 10. Meteorlogy entered a period of rapid advance about the time the Bjerknes' cyclone model appeared. 大约在Bjerknes的气旋模型问世前后，气象学进入了一个迅速发展的时期． 11. While in the form of radiation, the energy may travel a tremendous distance before being absorbed or changed back into heat. 当能量以辐射能形式存在时，可以在经过很长距离后，才被吸收或转化为热． 12. When moving over land, a typhoon is gradually decreased in severity. 当台风在陆地上移动时，其猛烈性逐渐减弱． 13. It is only when particles are close enough to exert relatively large forces on one another that they are able to set each other into this type of vibration. 只有当粒子紧密到能够相互施加较大的力时，它们才能使彼此产生这样的振动． 14.Only when its melting-point temperature is reached does iron start to pass into a liquid. 只有当熔点温度达到时，铁才开始变成液体． 15. Only if the component vectors are on a straight line will the length of the vector for the sum be equal to the sum of the lengths of these components or to thier difference. 只有当几个分矢量在一直线上，那么表示其和的矢量长度才会等于这些分量的长度和或它们的差． 16. Whenever occasion arises intensive observations are to be done to get the information on the fine structure of the atmospheric event. 每当必要时，应该进行加密观测以便获得这一大气事件的细微结构的资料． 17. Whenever a wave moves out from a source in uniform medium, it travels in straight lines. 每当（凡是）波从均匀介质中的波源移出时，它都呈现直线传播． 18. Each time the current changes directions, a period of no current, known as slack water, intervenes. 每当潮流改变方向时，中间都有一段叫做平潮的无潮流阶段． 19.As a rule, the temperature in the troposhere decreases steadily with increasing altitude until the tropopause is reached. 通常对流层温度直到对流层顶都是随高度增加而不断地减小的． 20. The jetstream was not fully recognized as a meteorological entity until 1949. 直到１９４９年急流才作为一种气象实体现象为人们充分认识到．

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21. The seeds did not start germinating until late March becasue of a long spell of drought. 由于一段很长时间的干旱直到３月下旬这些种子才开始发芽． 22. Not until August 1974 did the expeditionary obervations begin. 直到１９７４年８月考察（探险）活动才开始． 23. A piece of metal left in the sun rises in temperature until it loses heat at the same rate at while it absorbs heat. 一片放在阳光下的金属，其温度要上升到它吸收热量和失去热量的速率相等时才停止． 24. In the simplest case, we start the requested I/O and wait until it iscomplete before returning control to the user program. 在最简单的情况下，我们启动一个I/O请求，且一直等到它实现再（才）使控制器返回到用户程序． 25. The weather remained the same until after June. 那种天气一直维持到６月以后． 26. By the time witer begins, coastal waters are thoroughly mixed, with virtually no temperture or salinity differences between surface and bottom waters. 到冬季快要开始的时候，沿岸的海水已经彻底混合，表层和底层的水几乎没有什么温度差和盐度差了． 27. If there is a page fault, all the old values are written back into memory before the trap occurs. 如果有页面错误，则在自陷中断产生之前，所有原来的数值都要写回存储器． 28.Such observations must be processed before we can utilize them. 在我们能应用这些观测资料之前，它们必须进行处理． 29. But thirty years were to elapse before suitable instruments were available to allow adetailed and systematic investigation. 但是竟然过了３０年才出现了适用的仪器让我们对之进行细微的系统的考察． 30. It was a few years before a breakthrough was made in this field. 过了几年在这一领域才有了突破．

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31. Small objects such as dust particles and water droplets fall only small distances before losing most of their acceleration. 向尘埃和小水滴这种小物体只下降很短距离就失去它们的大部分加速度。 32. Ship may have to wait for days before finding a time when incoming waves and tidal currents are right, permitting them to enter the harbor with safety. 船只必须等待多日才能等到合适的波和潮流，从而使得它们能安全地进港。 33. After the concept of temperature became understood, there were many years of scientific development before the read nature of hest was established. 在人们理解了温度的概念以后，又经过多年的科学研究确定了热的真正性质。 34. Even after air masses move far from their original breeding ground source, they may still be recognized by their characteristics. 即使在气团远离其原来的生成源地以后，它们仍然可根据其属性而被识别出来。 35. Since the computer came into being science and technology have made great advances. 自计算机问世以来，科学技术已取得巨大进展。 36. Cold fog dispersal has been an operational success in the U.S. since 1963. 美国自1963年以来，冷雾消散在实际操作上一直是成功的。 37. Fog dispersal research has since followed the line. 自那时以来消雾研究一直遵循这个方向。 38. It is only since the 1980s that much attention has been given to the phenomenon. 只是从80年代以来，人们才很重视这一现象。 39. As soon as the tropopause is reached, temperature stops decreasing with height. 一达到对流层，温度就停止随高度上升。 40. The study of electricity had hardly begun when Franklin, in 1752, conducted his dangerous kite experiment in a thunderstorm, founding the science of atmospheric electricity. 电学研究刚一开始，富兰克林就于1752年在雷暴云中进行了危险的风筝试验，从而奠定了大气电学的基础。

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41. The data had no sooner been charted than analysis was started. 资料刚在图上填完，分析就开始了。 42. Sprinkling creates water particles in the air that reduce outgoing radiation, but plant temperature declines immediately on cessation of the operation. 喷洒在空气中产生小水滴，它们使射出辐射减小，但是喷洒一停止，植物本身温度立刻下降。 43. Upon reaching this level, temperature no longer increases with altitude. 一达到这个高度，气温就不再随高度上升。 44. Once the cold water enters the flack, the vapor pressure falls quickly. 一旦冷水进入长颈瓶，水气压就迅速下降。 45. Once common functions are written in assembly language they could then be copied into a new program without having to be written again. 一旦用汇编语言来编写公用程序，它们就不必重新书写而可被复制到新的程序中去。 46. In our experiment, heavy rain was received shortly after the plots were (had been) drilled. 在我们的试验中，这几块地条播后不久就下了大雨。 47. It was found that on light clays, no-till planting may begin 1—2dayss sooner after rain than conventional planting. 人们发现在淡色粘土地里，雨后免耕栽种可比常规栽种早一两天。 48. Even in such a system, gross statistical divergence of two nearly identical initial states will occur, sometimes in a week. 即使在这样一个系统中，近乎相同的两初始状态有时在一周后在总体统计上也会发生差异。 49. As far back as 1920s attention was directed towards the problem. 早在20年代，人们就注意这一问题了。 50. First comes a gradual change in water level, the forerunner, a few hours ahead of the storm’s arrival. 首先出现水位的逐渐变化，这是风暴到达前几小时的先兆。

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51. Prior to the 1960s knowledge of the atmosphere above about 30 km was based largely on inferences from ground-based observations. 在60年代以前，人们关于30公里左右以上的高空大气知识主要是根据地基观测推断得到的。 52. Even today, specific forecasts are only made for the period of 3 to 5 days in advance. 即使今天也只能对未来3—5天的天气作出具体的预报。 53. The 500-hPa height field shows a well-developed blocking high over the Gulf of Alaska, which lasts another seven days. 500百帕高度场表明，在阿拉斯加海湾上空有一发展得很好的阻塞高压，后来它又持续了7天 54. Such averages are usually taken over a period of time, such as an hour, a day, a month, or a year. 这种平均值通常是对一段时间如1小时，1天，1月，1年所取的。 55. The experiment was conducted in the summer of 1977. 该试验于1977年夏进行。 56. In early spring when temperature is too low to favor the growth and development of the plants so that they have to remain in the greenhouse. 在早春此时气温很低，不利于这些植物的生长发育，因此它们还必须留在温室中。 57. During periods of light winds or reduced river flow coastal current often become so weak as to be barely discernible. 在淡淡轻风或河道流量减小时，海岸流变得很弱，几乎看不出来。 58. During the 19th century, the theories of tidal and acoustic gravity oscillations were subjects of great interest. 在19世纪，潮汐振荡和声重力振荡的理论曾经是饶有兴趣的课题。 59. How often observations are made, and how widely they are spaced, depend on the scale of the atmospheric events about which information is desired. 隔多久进行一次观测，这些测值（代表台站）相距多远取决于所要取得资料的大气事件的尺度。 60. Periods of precipitation are referred to as the “active” monsoon, and the lulls in between are called monsoon “break”. 有降水发生的时期叫做季风活跃期，而它们之间的静息期叫做季风中断。

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61. Such currents may form, disappear, or change flow direction within a matter of hours or days. 这样一些洋流的形成、消失或改变流向可能发生在大约几小时或几天内。 62. The weather will be hot and dry from now on till the end of August for this region. 这一地区天气从现在到8月底将是炎热干燥的。 63. Spring tides occur every two weeks, usually within a few days of the new and full moon. 春潮每间隔1周出现1次，通常出现在离开新月和满月几天之内。 64. These vortices developed within 30 minutes or so of each other. 这些涡旋的产生彼此相隔半小时左右。 65. In a time-sharing system, it is very important that each user get a share of the CPU at regular intervals. 在分时系统中，重要的是每一用户每隔（固定）一段时间可使用中心处理装置。 66. These stations may report weather intervals of an hour or even less to warn of approaching weather dangers. 这些台站可以1小时或不到1小时报告1次天气以警告（人们注意）危险天气的临近。 67. Plants were measured for height of the tallest leaf at monthly intervals from May to September. 从5月到9月每月测量植物最高叶的高度1次 68. The dataset consists of twice daily 500-hPa height analyses from the U.S. National Meteorological Center for the 20 winters 1962/1963 through 1981/1982. 所用资料集为美国国家气象中心关于1962/1963到1981/1982期间20个冬季的一天两次的500百帕高度场分析资料。 69. The observation was made at 0630 local time, February 15, 1984. 该观测于1984年2月15日地方时6：30进行的。 70. The project will be completed by mid-December. 这个项目要到12月中才能完成。

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71. There appears small high in the west on day 10. 第十天在其西部出现了一个小高压。 72. The observation was carried out one month less two days. 观测进行时期为一个月差两天。 73. In the meantime the sky is turning clear. 与此同时，天空开始晴朗起来。 74. It rains more often than not during this season. 在这个季节经常有雨。 75. These circulation anomalies have long been recognized. 这些环流异常早就为人们所认识。 76. This plot will be prepared sometime next month. 这块地将在下个月某个时候整治。 77. It takes 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4 and a fraction of a second for the earth to complete one rotation. 地球完成一次自转需要23小时56分钟4秒多。 78. For the 24—hour period following 1300 February 14, air temperature dropped 4.6℃. 在2月14日13时以后的24小时，气温下降了4。6℃。 79. The past decade has been a rapid expansion of our empirical knowledge of the observed circulation anomalies. 过去的10年曾是关于观测获得的环流异常现象的经验知识的大丰收的10年。 80. The day of the onset of blocking is defined as day zero, and the time is then measured relative to this day zero, thus, day -2 represents the time of two day prior to the onset; day +2 two days subsequent. 阻塞开始之日定为零日，其它日子相对于这一天而确定。这样-2天表示在阻塞开始之前两天，+2天表示在阻塞开始后两天。

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二、空间 81. The research involves atmospheric conditions at few levels above the ground. 此项研究涉及地面之上若干层次的大气状态。 82. Individual jet maxima are frequently found at the tips of deep low-pressure troughs. 某些急流其最大风速中心常发现位于深低压槽的底端。 83. Another high-vale center is at the eastern fringe of the plateau. 另一高值中心在高原东边缘上。 84. Weather is determined by the simultaneous occurrence of several meteorological elements at a geographical locality or over broad areas of the earth. 天气是由在某一地理位置或者地球表面上广袤地区同时出现的若干气象要素的综合作用所决定的。 85. Reportedly, 1986 No.3 typhoon is being generated over the western North Pacific. 据报道，1986年3号台风在西北太平洋生成。 86. Standard temperature observations are made in thermometer shelters about 5 feet above the ground. 标准气温测定是在离地面5英尺左右的百叶箱中进行的。 87. Above the troposphere is the stratosphere, followed by the ionosphere and capped by the exosphere. 在对流层上是平流层，接着是电离层，最上层是外逸层。 88. Meteorologists have divided the atmosphere into various shells or layers, laid one atop the other. 气象学家把大气分成不同的层，它们依次相叠。 89. The boundary on the cold air side is often ill-defined, especially near the surface. 冷空气一侧的边界常常十分模糊，特别是在地表附近。 90. The cispacific SST was a little higher than before. 太平洋这侧的海面温度比以前稍高一些。

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91. Close to the ground, wind speed increases quickly with height. 靠近地面，风速随高度迅速增大。 92. The maximum wind speed is centered around 35oN, 120oE 最大风速中心位于35oN,120oE 93. A few contributions have appeared on this subject at home and abroad. 这一课题已有一些论文在国内外发表了。 94. Meteorological science and technology have grown to the extent that behaviors of the atmosphere could be monitored on a global basis. 气象科学和技术已发展到可在全球范围内监测大气特性。 95. For the first few thousand feet above sea level the rate of pressure decrease is in the neighbourhood of 1 inch of pressure for each 900 to 1000 ft. 在离海面几千英尺高度上（在拔海高度数千英尺以下）气压递减率大约是每900到1000英尺高度下降1英寸汞柱左右。 96. In this case, steady precipitation may extend over a long distance ahead of the front. 在这种情形下，稳定性降水可在锋前向前延伸很长一段距离。 97. It is known that local weather can be affected within a few days by meteorological conditions thousands of miles away (from here). 大家知道当地天气在几天内可以受到（离此）几千英里以外的气象条件的影响。 98. These temporary observation posts were all within 10 km of the city. 这些临时测点均位于离城１０公里以内。 99. Buoys are developed 20 miles off the coast. 在离海岸２００英里的海中布设浮标站网。 100. The maximum is about 400 hPa in a 3 km distance from the center toward the south. 最大值在离开此中心向南３公里处的４００百帕左右高度上

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101. Strong westerlies, at times, have been observed near the tropopause over Recife, Brasil, approximately 9o from the equator. 强大的西风气流有时曾在离赤道大约9个纬度的巴西Recife上空的对流层顶附近观测到过。 102. The trade wind cell is, on the average, confined to 30 degrees poleward of the equator. 平均来说，信风圈限于离赤道（向极地方向）30度的纬度带里。 103. At this stage sea-level westerlies are strong and zonal in character and they lie poleward of their normal position. 在这一阶段海平面上西风气流很强且属纬向性的，它较正常位置偏向极地（北半球上偏北或南半球偏南）。 104. The figure shows that the maximum precipitation occurred to the east of Indonesia. 此图表面最大降水出现在印尼之东。 105. For a time, surface and subsurface current are in opposite directions; flow is seaward at the surface and landward near the bottom. 在一个时期，表层和次表层的水流方向相反；表层水流向外海方向流动，靠近底层的水流则向陆地方向流动。 106. For example, the artificial modification of rain at New York City may suggest a seeding activity just a few miles upwind of the metropolis. 比如说，对纽约市进行人工降雨可能意味着在该市上风不过几英里处进行一次撒播作业。 107. in the first stage the jet stream lies well to the north and it takes a general west-east direction. 在第一阶段急流远在其北且一般为由西向东的方向。 108. The analyzed low-pressure center at the surface was located ~8 km east of the mesocyclone. 所分析的地面低压中心位于中（尺度）气旋之东约8公里处。 109. In all experiments there is at 300 km of sea to the west and 100 km of sea to the east. 在这些试验中，西面离海至少300公里，东面离海至少100公里。 110. The moon moves from a position 28.5o north of the equator to as much south of it. 月亮从赤道以北28.5o的位置运行到赤道以南28.5o的位置。

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111. Within this area is a double minimum in pressure with one center collocated with the vorticity maximum and the other about 3 km farther north. 在这一区域内有一对最小气压中心，一个与最大涡度中心相重合，另一个则在更向北3公里左右处。 112. The monitoring station is just across the river from the power plant. 监测站与位于河对岸的发电厂正对峙（隔河相对）。 113. For research purpose, network with stations speed only 1/10 to 1 miles apsrt have been maintained for limited period in small areas. 为了研究需要，在短时间内在小范围一直保持台站间彼此相距仅0.1到1英里的台站网。 114. During the experiment, moisture was measured twice a day at 20-cm intervals between 0 and 80 cm of the soil. 在试验中一天两次对0—80cm土壤层每20cm处进行湿度测定。 115. Following the treatment, cotton seeds were planted by hand in the third week of june 1983, at 75-cm row spacing with three rows of plants per plot. 在进行这种处理后，在1983年6月第三周把棉花种子用手种上，行距为75cm，每块地种三行。 116. Slopes orientated differently receive direct solar radiation in different amounts. 朝向不同的山坡接收到的直接太阳辐射量是不同的。 117. On the diagram, propagation is manifested as a coherent line of cloudiness sloping in one direction or another. 在这张图上，传播表现为向某一方向倾斜的相互密合的云带的形成。 118. From just the entrance, in the southern part of the bay, up to a second slack water area, about midway up the bay, tidal currents are ebbing. 在海湾的南部，从紧靠入口处内侧直到第二平潮区，其间距离大约是到海湾的一半，潮流正在回落。 119. The anomalously warm water can exist for a long distance along the equator at least as far west as Canton Island (172oW, 3oS). 异常温暖的海水可沿赤道向西长距离延伸，至少可到坎吨岛(172oW, 3oS)。 120. The easternmost longitude of the 35℃ isotherm is 140oE 35℃的等温线的最东经度是140 oE。

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三．原因、结果 121. The ‘wave’ properties of macroscopic matter are not apparent because the wavelength is undetectably small. 宏观物质的波动特性不明显，因为其波长很短，难以被察觉。 122. The book remains at rest or, in physical terminology, in static equilibrium not because there are no forces acting on it but because the forces which do act on it annul one another. 此书处于静止，或者用物理术语来讲处于静力平衡，并不是因为没有力作用在它上面，而是因为作用其上的力彼此互相抵消。 123. As no machine ever runs without some friction, overcoming the force wastes work. 因为没有一台机器可以无摩擦地运转，所以克服摩擦力只是白费功夫。 124. Since the operator had more experience with mounting tape than a programmer, setup time was reduced. 鉴于操作员比程序员有更多的安装磁盘的经验，所以（由操作员进行的）安装时间就减少了。 125. As friction is always present, it naturally causes losses in all types of machines, since because of friction; part of useful mechanical energy is lost in the form of useless heat. 由于摩擦总是存在，所以很自然，部分有用的机械能会因摩擦以无用的热的形式失去，所以摩擦使所有的机器均产生（能量）损失。 126. Since a magnetic field associated with the current in a coil, any change in that current alters the magnetic field around it. 因为磁场与线圈内的电流有关，所以电流的任何变化都会引起它周围磁场的变化。 127. In summer people feel sticky in that relative humidity is quite high. 夏季人们感到皮肤粘乎乎的是因为相对湿度很高。 128. The output power can never equal the input power, for there are always losses. 输出功率决不可能等于输入功率因为总有损耗。 129. Theoretically at least we should be able to copy these mechanisms found in nature, for all biological organisms are in part actually electrical systems. 至少在理论上我们应该能够模仿在自然界发现的这些机制，因为在所有生物组织中有一部分实际上是电系统。 130 Because of the high cost of these early computers, idle time was undesirable. 由于这些早期计算机价格高昂，所以（出现）闲置时间是人们所不期望的。

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131. The energy possessed by an object by virtue of its motion is called kinetic energy, or energy of motion. 物体由于运动而具有的能量叫动能。 132. In the cloudless night ground temperature decreases on account of the heat lost to the space. 在无云夜间地面温度由于其热量散失到空间而下降。 133. The high yields overall are attributed mainly to good seedbed structure and a manual precision seeding. 总的来说，这些高产量主要是由于适宜的苗床结构和精细的手工播种。 134. In view of the importance of the plateau to the weather and climate over broad areas, a scientific investigation was carried out a few years ago. 鉴于这一高原对广大地区的天气和气候的重要性所以在数年前曾进行过一次科学考察。 135 The decrease in intensity due to absorption is called damping and a wave whose intensity decreases for this reason is called a damped wave. 由于被吸收而强度减低叫做阻尼，而由于这一原因其强度减小的波叫做阻尼波。 136. Cooling is readily interpreted as due to the fact that work is done against the attractive forces between molecules. 冷却很容易被解释为是由于为了克服分子之间引力而做功的结果。 137. The pressure increase out of control was at the bottom of the explosion. 失去控制的气压增长是这一爆炸的根本原因。 138. Too small spacing among the plant stands is causative of the crop failure. 植株间间隔太小是作物歉收的原因。 139. It is because the ground loses heat to the air. 这是因为地表把热量输送给空气的缘故。 140. It was not that the deficiency in fertilizer was responsible for the crop failure. 不是因为肥料不足才造成作物歉收的。

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141. The farming was done intensively for no other reason than a bumper crop. 正是为了丰收的缘故，耕作才作得十分精细。 142. By reason that the machine did not run properly, the operator had to stop it for checking. 由于机器不能正常运行，操作人员只得停车检查。 143. For reason given above the scheme should be redesigned. 鉴于上述原因，此方案应重新设计。 144. Seeing that there is often poor visibility, the site chosen as an airport is not appropriate. 鉴于这里能见度经常欠佳，所以选为机场是不适当的。 145. The crop did not grow well what with species and what with non-uniform top application of fertilizer, according to an agronomist. 这片庄稼长得不好据一位农学家看一方面是由于品种，另一方面是由于追肥不匀。 146. Frozen at around -35℃, mercury is not used in thermometers where extremely low temperature may be expected. 由于水银在-35℃左右时发生冰冻，所以在极端低温可能出现的地区它不用于制作温度计。 147. Reportedly the yield per acre has been 30% increased insomuch as modern agricultural technologies are practiced in this hilly region. 根据报道由于现代农业技术在那丘陵地区的实行，每亩产量已增加30%。 148. Vast stretches of oceans appeal to us much the rather because their profundity is difficult of access. 辽阔的海洋因其深奥难以理解才更引起我们的浓厚兴趣。 149. Tidal currents cause mixing between layer, so that the waters become only moderately stratified. 潮流可引起各层海水之间发生混合，所以水体只能有一种适度的分层。 150. As a result, much of the energy is lost to air. 结果其中大部分能量散失于空气中。

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151. Conditions of rotation and heat transfer in the earth’s atmosphere are such that irregular waves of the characteristics described above will form. 地球大气（随地球）的自转和在其中的热输送状况结果导致具有以上所描述的特征的不规则波的形成。 152. Our normalization is such that the curves in Fig. 3 can be regarded as probability distributions. 我们的标准化处理使得图3中的曲线可以被看作概率分布曲线。 153. The dynamic response to the heating imbalance is such as to converge heat into the upper troposphere of the desert regions. 对这一加热不平衡的动力学响应结果导致热在这沙漠地带的对流层上部辐合。 154. Wind increased sharply with the result that evaporation went up remarkably. 风明显增大结果蒸发明显增强。 155. Release of the heat of fusion is believed to alter the pressure gradient in such a way as to diminish the destructive winds near the storm center. 人们认为融解热的释放可以改变气压梯度，结果减小风暴中心附近的破坏性风力。 156. The rotated principal components express the variability in the data in terms of geographically local components in a manner that the results appear to be consistent with our dynamical perception of atmospheric variability. 旋转主分量使用各局地地区的分量来表示资料在数值的变率，因而所得到的结果看来与我们关于大气变化的动力学概念一致。 157. The roughly 365-day year is the result of the earth traveling around the sun in one period. 365天左右的1年是地球围绕太阳转动一个周期的结果。 158. If lines, called isanomals, are drawn on a world, joining places of equal thermal anomaly, an isanomalous map is the result. 如果在一世界图上把有相同温度异常的地点以等异常（等距平）线画出来，结果就得到一张气温异常图。 159. If put together and heated to 25℃ at constant pressure, these substances will result in a new compound. 如果把这些物质放在一起并在常压下加热到25℃，则结果会产生一种新的化合物。 160. Heating makes the molecules of a material move faster, increasing the rate of evaporation. 加热使物质中分子运动加快，从而加速蒸发率。

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四、条件 161. To the extent that it is real, the interaction with the lower boundary seems a good candidate to explain the high persistence of the system. 如果这一结果可靠的话，那么这一系统与下边界的相互作用似乎可看作解释它长时间继续存在的可靠原因。 162. Two fronts will exist if we have three air masses, a coal, a warm, and a cold, moving from west to east one after another. 如果我们让三个气团（一冷，一暖又一冷的）依次由西向东运动，则会出现两个锋。 163. If the input file exists, then we must create a new output file. 如果该输入文件存在，那么我们必须开辟一个新的输出文件。 164. (According to the weather report, the typhoon will pass over the region)If so, the drought will be relieved. （根据天气报告称，此次台风将经过这个地区）如果是这样，旱象将得到缓和。 165. If the moon were, for instance, over the site of Miami, there would be a tidal bulge there and also on near the west coast of Australia. 例如，假如月亮在迈阿密测点的上空，那里就会出现海潮的隆升，而在澳大利亚西海岸附近的海面也会出现隆升。 166． If the earth’s axis did not tilt, there would be no seasonal change on it. 如果地轴不倾斜，地球上就没有季节变化。 167. Were there no such superior laws, physics would be impossible as an exact secence over any sufficiently long period. 如果没有这些颠扑不破的定律，物理学就不可能在任何足够长的岁月作为一门精确的科学而存在。 168. If this situation should occur, the fram would become unusable. 如果出现这种情况，框架就成为无用的了。 169. Should the current be cut, the coil would return to its original position. 如果电流切断，线圈就返回到原来位置。 170. Had Franklin known what we know about lightning in those days, he probably would not have undertaken such a dangerous experiment. 如果富兰克林当时与今天我们关于闪电知识的认识一样，他可能不会进行那种危险的（风筝）试验了。

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171. If we had not taken necessary precautions, the typhoon would have inflicted heavier damages. 如果当时不采取必要预防措施，台风就会造成更加严重的损害。 172. If it were not for the modern equipment, such experiments would not be performed. 如果没有这些现代化设备，这些实验就不能进行。 173. With the equipment the experiment would be readily conducted. 如果有了这些设备，试验就会顺利进行。 174. Water vapor is lighter, which would otherwise not rise into air. 水汽（比空气）较轻，否则它不会升到空中。 175. Since this frame of reference-the earth –is rotating, motions that would be straight in a stationary frame of reference appear curved to the observer on earth. 由于参照系—地球—是旋转的，所以在静止参照系中应是呈直线运动，在地球上的观测者看来就成为曲线运动。 176. This is clearly not the case, if it were true, prediction of the tides could have been done for centuries. 很清楚，情况并非如此。假如真是这样，潮汐预报可能已发布几个世纪了（事实并非如此）。 177. Provided we make on further assumption, the Copernican principle leads to a rather similar universe model. 如果我们作出进一步的假设，哥白尼原理会导致一个相当类似的宇宙模式。 178. Computers can yield accurate results providing that they are fed with reliable information to start with. 计算机可给出准确结果，如果给予它们可靠信息使之开始工作的话。 179. Orchard without precaution will suffer heavy loss in case cold wave occyrs. 如果寒潮发生，不采取预防措施的果园将会受到严重损失。 180. For instance, suppose the operator received one Fortran job, one Cobol job and another Fortran job. 例如，假定操作员接受了一个Fortran作业，一个Cobol作业，然后又是一个Fortran作业。

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181. There is no change in the motion of a body unless a resultant force is acting upon it. 除非有一合力作用于物体上，否则物体的方向是不会发生变化的。 182. In so far as linear motion is concerned, a body is in equilibrium if the vector sum of the forces acting upon it is zero. 就线性运动而论，如果作用于严格物体上的诸力的矢量之和是零，那么这个物体就处于平衡状态。 183. Thus, Fig. 5 is similar to Fig. 4b insofar as the same recombination and filters have been applied to both. 因此，就两者都采用同样的合成和滤波方法而言，图5与图4b相同。 184. Atmospheric research is often both basic, in sense that it concerns the fundamental understanding of atmospheric processes, and applied, in the sense that it is directly useful. 大气研究常常是基础性的（就其涉及对大气过程的基本性理解而言）又是应用性的（就其是付诸直接应用而言）。 185. As far as we know, the problem has not been attacked at home and abroad. 就我们所知国内外对这一问题尚未着手研究。 186. As long as the counter is positive, contral is returned to the user program. 只要计数器是正数，控制器就返回到用户程序。 187. Be it that the temperature is beyond the rang (e.g. 32o to 41oF as the minimum cardinal temperature for wheat) the crop will be checked from growing. 如果温度超出某一范围（例如小麦的最低温度为32o--41oF），则作物生长受阻。 188. On the assumption that speed is kept constant, distance increases with time. 假如速度不变，则距离随时间增大。 189. The computers available can meet the needs except that data are sent in bulk. 只要资料不是大批送来，现有这几台计算机是够用的。 190. With favorable light and moisture conditions a plant grows at greatest rapidity if there is the optimum temperature for it. 在合适光照和水分条件下，如果有最适宜温度，则植物以最快速度生长。

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191. Without reliable data, prediction has no foundation. 没有可靠的资料，预报就没有基础。 192. Sheets of newly formed sea ice break into pieces under stress of wind and waves. 大块新形成的海冰在风和海浪的作用下裂成碎片。 193. The annual total rainfall of 300 mm seems somewhat low for the region at these latitude. 就位于这些纬度的这一地区来说，年总降水量300毫米似乎少了一些。 194. Depending upon our job scheduler we would make both 6K jobs wait or run one of them in the 10K region. 我们可使两个6K作业等待，或者把其中一个在10K区运算，视我们作业的调度程序而定。 195. Given wind speed, duration, and fetch, it is possible to predict the size of the waves generated by a given storm. 人给出了风速，它的持续时间和吹程，就有可能预报由某一风暴产生的海浪的高度。 196. Other things being equal, the evapotranspiration rate decreases with increasing humidity. 当其它条件相同时，蒸散率随湿度增大而减小。 197. Such being the case, the understanding of nature would be greatly improved. 如果是这样，那么我们对大自然的认识将会大为提高。 198. T will represent temperature alone in this book unless otherwise stated. 在本书T将只表示温度，除非另有说明。 199. Unless destroy or influenced in some way by ocean boundaries, waves continue to travel for long distances in the direction that the wind was blowing when they formed. 波浪除非被海洋边界以某种方式消除或影响，发展它就会继续沿着其形成时的吹向而运动很长距离。 200. Combined with extremely high waves generated by the storm, hurricanes surges can be highly destructive. 如果与风暴中产生的巨浪相结合，飓风涌浪（风暴潮）可具有极大的破坏性。

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五、让步，目的 201 Though energy can be neither vreated nor destroyed, it can be transformed from one form to another. 虽然能量不能被创造出来也不能被消灭，但它可以从一种形式转变成另一种形式。 202. In the subsequent years there was a trend of higher yields in tilled plots, although the increase was non-significant. 在后来的几年中，在耕作过的地里年产量曾有增长趋势，不过这种增长并不明显。 203. The following exercise, while overly simplistic, may nevertheless be helpful in understanding the problem. 以下的练习虽然过于简单，但可能对理解这一问题仍然是有用的。 204. Whereas there are numerous instance of this type of coincidence, there are also many example of the opposite. 虽然这种重合（一致）的例子有许多，但也有许多相反的情况。 205. Not but what the world’s oceans are abundant in various resources, only a small part of them is in use. 虽然世界海洋有多种资源，但只有一小部分为人所应用。 206. As a result, the tsunami of 1957 killed no one in Hawaii, even though water levels were locally higher than 1946. 结果，1957年夏威夷的海啸没有造成一人死亡，虽然局部水位比1946年还高。 207. If for no reason than that electricity was off the machine stopped running, it is too old to work any longer. 虽然只是由于停电机器才停止运转，但它也太旧，不能再工作下去了。 208. Admitting that the vast expanse of oceans seems terrible, they provide us with abundant resources. 虽说浩瀚的大洋令人生畏，但它们向我们提供了丰富的资源。 209. The chemical composition of water remains constant whether it is in solid, liquid or gaseous state. 无论处于固态、液态或气态，水的化学成份都保持不变。 210. All substances on the earth, whether gaseous, liquid or solid, are made up of atoms. 地球上所有的物质无论它们是气态的、液态的或是固态的，都是由原子组成的。

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211. Even if our measurements show the same velocity over different sections, it may be asserted that the motion is uniform only with the degree of accuracy that the measurements were made with. 即使我们的测值表明在不同区间速度相同，也许只能说只是在测值取得时所用的精度的条件下，这一运动才是匀速的。 212 No matter what direction we choose in order to obtain information about the large-scale structure of the universe, we obtain the same answer as for any other direction. 为了获得宇宙的大尺度结构的信息，无论我们选择什么方向，我们所得到的答案对任何其它方向都是一样适用的。 213. All bodies, no matter what their temperature, give off radiation in the form of electromagnetic waves. 一切物体，不论其温度高低，均要放出电磁波形式的辐射。 214. The temperature is between 20--25℃ in the lab no matter when it is measured. 无论何时去测量，那实验室的温度都在20--25℃之间。 215. However small, a body has weight. 一个物体无论多么小都有重量。 216. The up to data computer can process readily however large a volume of data. 无论资料的数量如何惊人，现代计算机都能容易地加以处理。 217. Weak as it is, the disturbance in the wind field is discernible. 该风场的扰动虽然很弱，但是还是可以看得出来。 218. Imagination, indispensable though it is, offers a poor substitute for information. 想象虽不可缺少，但提供的信息却很难作为依据。 219. Be ever bulky, the sun does not look larger than the moon from the earth. 虽然太阳体积如此之大，但从地球上看它并不比月球大。 220. Be that as it may, in practice these principles are likely to be interpreted so as to lead to the same ideas about the observed universe. 虽然如此，在实践中这些原理是可能解释的，从而使我们对观测的宇宙得出同样的认识。

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221. In spite of the disaster, typhoons are by no means entirely destructive. 台风虽然带来灾害，但决非完全是破坏性的。 222. Despite an abundance of data, observations of wave height often leave much to be desired. 尽管有丰富的资料，但浪高的观测常常很不理想。 223. Does a user access all the files in a system in the same manner, regardless of whether they reside at the same or different sites? 不管这些文件是储存在同一位置还是不同位置，用户是否可以用同一方式在系统中存取所有文件？ 224. Furthermore, all point of a conductor or inside a hollow conductor are at the same potential, irrespective of the shape of the conductor. 此外，不管导体的形状如何，导体或空心导体的内部各点都处于同一电势。 225. Nevertheless we feel that the results may improve our knowledge of the atmosphere. 尽管如此，我们认为这些成果可能提高我们关于大气的知识。 226. In any case the rainfall will stop sometime this week. 无论如何，降雨在本周某个时候会停止。 227. Typhoon and hurricanes do not form exceptionally large waves, because their winds, although very strong, do not blow long enough from one direction. 台风和飓风并不会形成特大的巨浪，因为这些风虽然很强，但它们并不能沿着同一方向长时间的吹。 228. Observations show that some sort of growth and development is occurring, though in rather complex fashion. 观测表明，某种生长和发育正在进行，不过（虽然）是以相当复杂的方式进行的。 229. These experimental studies gave, if nothing else, a greater appreciation of the power and limitations of similarity methods in describing such flows. 这些试验研究即使没有给出其它东西，但却对相似方法在描述这类气流方面的能力和局限给予了较高的评价。 230. To raise the temperature of an object, it is necessary either to add heat to it from some source at higher temperature or to do work on it. 要提高一个物体的温度，必须从一个温度较高的热源给这一物体加热或者对它作功。

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231. In order for the tide waves to move fast enough at the equator to keep up with the moon, the ocean would have to be about 22km deep. 即使潮波在赤道上移动的速度跟得上月亮，海洋深度必须为22公里左右。 232. In order that the crops in open field could survive safely the winter frost prevention operation is of paramount importance. 为了使这些大田作物能够安全越冬，防霜作业具有极端重要意义。 233. However, the panel also recommended the early establishment of several carefully designed, randomized, seeding experiments, planned in such a way as to permit assessment of the seedability of a variety of storm types. 然而，这个小组还建议及早确定几个精心设计的随机化的播种试验，以便可对风暴的可播撒性进行评估。 234. With a view to investigating meteorological conditions a network of observing stations was established over the area. 为了研究那一地区的气象条件，一个台站网建立了起来。 235. For specifying the value of the quantity Q we have to use Eq. (2). 为了确定量Q的值，我们得使用（2）式。 236. For research purpose intensive observations were made for that period. 为了研究目的，在那个期间进行了加密观测。 237. For this end a mesh with a 5ox5o spacing was used. 为此目的采用了格距为5ox5o的网格。 238. A much higher temperature is required so that we could change iron from a solid state into liquid. 需要高得多的温度，以便我们能把铁从固态变成液态。 239. Least Fig. 3 be interpreted as the signature of zonally propagating waves, it is worth recalling what is said in the preceding chapter. 为了使图3不被解释成纬向传播的波的特征，有必要回顾一下前一章所论述的。 240. Thermometers are placed in shelters far away from obstacles so as to get free-moving air standard values. 温度表置放于远离障碍物的百叶箱中，以便取得自由运动空气的标准值。

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六，方法、比较、比例 241. The change in pressure can be recorded by means of a pen arm on a rotating drum. 气压变化可以借助在转动的钟筒上移动的笔记录下来。 242. Heat may be measured in terms of any unit that can be used to measure energy, such as the joule or the kilowatt-hour. 热可以采用任何可以测定能量的单位，例如焦耳或千瓦小时。 243. Only in terms of the scheme have these results been obtained. 正是采用了这些方法才取得这些成果。 244. In some countries air temperature is given in degrees of Fahrenheit. 在某些国家气温以华氏温标给出。 245. Relative humidity is expressed as percentage. 相对湿度采用百分数表示。 246. Tides can be resolved mathematically into several components and each treated separately. 潮可以用数学方法分解成几个分量，而每一分量均可单独处理。 247. Attempt is made to solve the problem (in) another way. 尝试用另一种方法来解决这道题。 248. The features are only marginally significant at 95% level on a statistical basis. 这些特征在９５％水平时刚好在统计上是显著的。 249. Water enters air via evaporation. 水通过蒸发进入空气。 250. Topographically, we may consider the coastal plain to be a terrestrial analog of the continental shelf. 从地形角度讲我们可以把沿岸平原看成是大陆架在陆上的类似构造。

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251. On the technical side, telegraph lines are hard to maintain. 从技术角度来说电报线路难以维修。 252. In a sense the atmosphere bears resemblance to an ocean. 在某种意义上说大气和海洋相似。 253. Thereby higher latitude are prevented from becoming increasingly colder and low latitudes from becoming increasingly hotter. 通过这种途径，使高纬地区不能变得越来越冷，而低纬地区不能变得越来越热。 254. Not only must the absolute value of the parameter in question be considered, but also the method of test whereby this value is to be established. 不但必须考虑所讨论的参数的绝对值，而且还要考虑检验方法，通过它以确定此值是否成立。255. In the subsequent experiments precision instruments were employed whereby good results were acquired. 在后来的几次实验中使用了精密的仪器，通过使用它们而取得了良好的结果。 256. So far, there is no evidence that the experiment could be conducted any otherwise than is described here. 到目前为止，尚无证据可说明除这里给出的方法外还有别的任何方法可以完成这一实验。 257. A single satellite can view a large part of the earth’s surface at least once daily, and hence observations can be made of areas that are otherwise inaccessible. 一颗卫星可至少每天一次扫视地球很大的一部分，因此可对其它方法无法观测到的地区进行观测。 258. Water vapor accounts for about 4% by volume in moist areas. 在气候潮湿地区，水汽按体积占（空气体积）４％左右。 259. The hard rain lasted roughly half an hour without break. 那场暴雨持续约半小时而未有间歇。 260. The data are employed in combination with cloud maps. 这些资料与云图结合一起使用。

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261. In a high, the usually gentle winds circulate clockwise around the center of the Northern Hemisphere. 在北半球高压中，常见的和风围绕中心顺时针地吹。 262. Such waves occur most frequently at stormy latitudes, where the storms tend to come in groups traveling in the same direction, with only short periods separating them. 这样的波浪在风暴生成的纬度带出现极为频繁。在那里风暴常常是成群出现的，它们沿着同一方向运动，彼此间相隔时间很短暂。 263. The tube is placed open end in a cistern partially filled with mercury. 管子以开口一端插入部分装有水银的槽内。 264. The results of the six cases will be presented in chronological order. 上述六种场合的结果将按时间顺序给出。 265. Data are collected on a continuous and long-term basis. 资料是持续地长期收集的。 266. These facilities can have weather maps analyzed in place of a forecaster. 这些设备可代替预报员把天气图分析出来。 267. These new facilities will take the place of the old ones. 这些新设备将代替那些旧的。 268. The scheme was designed after the manner of Smith (1976). 此方案是仿照Smith（１９７６）的思路设计的。 269. Materials are classified as magnetic or nonmagnetic on the basis of whether or not a force on the substance owing to the presence of a magnetic field. 根据由于磁场存在时是否有一个力对物体发生作用而把材料划分为磁性材料和非磁性材料。 270. Next, we shall introduce the parameter B, following Kuo (1974), such that R and M may be expressed by the relations. 其次按照Kuo(1974)的方法我们引入参数b，以便Ｒ和Ｍ能用以下关系来表示。

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271．By international agreement pressure is now expressed in hPa’s. 根据国际协议，气压现在用百帕为单位表示。 272. In other words, the frequencies of those waves should be constant in time and space a priori. 换句话说，那些波的频率根据推断在时空上是常定的。 273. Materials are partitioned into magnetic and nonmagnetic substance accordingly as they are likely to be affected by a force present in a magnetic field. 274. The vertical velocity changes as a function of time and height above ground for the deep warm cloud. 在深厚暖云中，垂直速度随时间和高度而变化。 275. The measurements were collected the way you did. 这些观测资料是按你曾进行的方式收集的。 276. We shall follow the procedure for experiments as the book instructs. 我们将象此书所示，遵照规定步骤进行实验。 277. But if the disturbance affects a large area, as a great earthquake can, the resulting seismic sea waves nay behave as if they had been generated along a line rather than at a point. 但是，如果扰动影响的地区很大，象强烈地震所能做到的，那末所产生的地震海浪运动好象沿直线产生而不是在一点产生。 278. If the disturbance, such as an explosion, affects only a small area, the waves will move away from that point, much as the waves move away from our pebble. 如果某种扰动（如爆炸）只影响一个小的地区，则波浪离开该点（扰动源）非常象水波离开石子入水处。 279. Just as linear momentum is the product of mass and velocity, so the angular momentum of a body is defined as the product of its moment of inertia and its angular velocity. 正如线性动量是质量和速度乘积一样，物体角动量也定义为其惯性矩和角速度的乘积。 280. Just as water will run downhill, so heat, if left to itself, flows down the temperature ‘hill’ (gradients). 就象水总是流下山一样，热（若听其自然）也是沿“热坡而下”。

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281. For efficiency the shape of the roof should be designed in such a way that it provides as large an evaporation area as possible. 从效率考虑，屋顶形状应这样来设计，即它可提供尽可能大的蒸发面积。 282. The moon revolves around the earth in such a manner that it always faces the latter with the same side. 月球围绕地球运动的方式是这样的，即它始终以同一面朝着地球。 283. If a torque is applied to the disk in such a fashion that the axis of the torque is the same as that of rotation of the disk, the direction of the former will be parallel to AB. 如果力矩是这样地作用于一圆盘上，即力矩的轴与圆盘的旋转轴方向一致，则力矩的方向与AB线平行。 284. In motions of rotation angular momentum appears in much the same way as linear momentum appears in motion of translation. 在旋转运动中的角动量产生的方式与平移运动中的线动量的产生是基本相似的。 285. Each marginal sea, or bay, is affected by the tide in much the same way as the Atlantic is affected by the wave from the Antarctic. 每一边缘海即海湾都受到潮水的影响，其发生类似于大西洋受到来自南冰洋的波浪影响一样。 286. Radar sets generally employ large antennas to produce narrow beams in much the same way as a search-light reflector. 通常雷达采用大型天线以产生狭窄波束，其方法基本上与探照灯反射镜相似。 287. Light behave as if it were made of particles. 光的行为好象它是由粒子组成的。 288. Over the last few decades it has been a common practice to view the atmosphere from a zonally averaged perspective. 在过去的几十年中，从纬向平均的角度来研究大气是通常的做法。 289. Using geometry, we shall be able to find out the resultant force. 采用几何方法，我们就能求出其合力。 290. Since Newton’s time, mathematicians and physicist have investigated the tides by considering the response of the oceans to the tide-generating forces. 从牛顿时代以来，数学家和物理学家们就一直通过考虑海洋对引潮力的响应来研究海潮现象。

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291 With the temperature unchanged, the air is made to reach condensation by adding water. 在温度不变时，通过加入水汽而使空气达到饱和。 292. Above the critical temperature and under high pressure the vapor may become as dens and as incompressible as the liquid at lower temperature. 在临界温度以上和高压下，蒸汽密度可能变得象在低温下液体那样稠密且不可压缩。 293. Winds are just as likely to be gusty at sea as on land, and just as likely to change direction as not. 海上的风完全可能象陆上的风一样具有阵性，且它在两地改变方向同样频繁。 294. At the summit of high mountains it is not so warm as one height think though it is nearer to the sun. 在高山顶上并不象有人认为的那样温暖，虽然离太阳更近了。 295. With the advance of science and technology, some scientific problems become less complicated than they were thought. 随着科学技术的发展，有些科学问题变得不象它从前所认为的那么复杂了。 296. A body of low temperature radiates energy less rapidly than the one at higher temperature. 低温物体不象温度较高的物体那么快地辐射出能量。 297. These results are as accurate as could be obtained by the scheme developed by Yanai (1979). 这些结果与用Yanai（1979）的方案得出的结果一样精确。 298. All of these scores are higher than could be obtained by predicting temperatures of the previous to persist unchanged. 所有这些（预报）评分均比通过预报前期温度将持续不变所得的评分要高。 299. Indoor relative humidity has a low value in cold weather and is than a better measure of the drying effect on skin than is outdoor relative humidity. 冬季室内相对湿度值很低，所以它在量度（湿度）对皮肤的致干效应方面比室外相对湿度更好些。 300. (Much of this is visible light, so that we are well aware of it.) Less obvious but just as real, is the infrared radiation emitted by the surface, and by the air. （其中大部分是可见光，所以我们很清楚地感觉到它。）由地面及空气发射的红外辐射虽不如它明显，然而却同它（可见光）一样实际存在着。

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301. The body travels in an ellipse, the fixed point being at on focus. The speed is greatest when body is near the focus, less when it is farther away. 物体沿着固定点在一个焦点上的椭圆轨道运动。当运动物体靠近这一焦点时其速度最大，而当它远离时则速度变小。 302. The higher the temperature is, the more water could be held in the air. 温度越高，空气中可以包含的水汽也越多。 303. The more mixing that occurs in the estuary, the greater is the landward flow in the subsurface layer. 在河口湾出现的混合越强烈，次表层向陆地方向的流量就越大。 304. The nearer the air above the water approaches saturation, the less rapid will be the net loss from water. 水面的空气越接近饱和，水面上水的净损失（速率）将越慢。 305. Other things being equal, evaporation is the faster, the greater is the wind. 在其它条件相同时，飞速越大蒸发越快。 306. The horizontal width of the condensate falling from the convective cells was much less than the width of the observed mesoscale downdraft (60 km compared to 150 km). 从对流单体降落的冷凝物的水平宽度比观测到的做尺度下沉气流的宽度小得多（前者60公里而后者150公里）。 307. Furthermore, the scattering is negligible with respect to absorption, eliminating ‘multiple-scattering’ problem. 此外，散射同吸收相比微不足道，从而消除了“多次散射”问题。 308. Peak updraft strength is slightly enhanced with hodograph curvature, 29.0 m/s in B versus 26.1 in C. 山顶上升气流强度随速矢端迹曲率加大而稍有加强，在（图上）B点是每秒29米，C点是每秒26.1米。 309. For adds and subtracts, the average number of cycles required is two, versus about 12 to 15 for the previous type. This is almost a 75% reduction in execution time: 120 ns versus 400 ns. 对于加减法运算所需循环的平均数是2，而旧型号机却需12—15。在执行时间上减少约75%，即现在用130纳秒，从前用400纳秒。 310. Remarkable yield difference was found between the two experimental plots with row spacing of 30 versus 60 cm, the former giving 30% higher crop. 这两块行距为30公分和60公分的实验地中产量有显著差异，前者高出30%。

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